暴君和殉道者:查理一世之死与其对立形象的形成  

Tyrant and Martyr:The Death of CharlesⅠand the Formation of His Opposite Images

作　　者：苏泽明 SU Ze-ming(Department of History,School of Humanities,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院历史系,北京100084

出　　处：《史学集刊》2023年第1期132-144,共13页Collected Papers of History Studies

摘　　要：查理一世之死是英国革命的重要节点之一。围绕该事件,借助近代早期广泛流通的廉价印刷品,残缺议会同保王党进行了激烈的舆论宣传战。在此过程中,查理一世的对立形象——暴君和殉道者,得以萌芽、明确和形成。然而,至1649年末,残缺议会的暴君宣传逐渐冷却,保王党的殉道者宣传却愈加高涨。复辟后,殉道者查理更是成为官方钦定形象。短期来看,殉道者查理形象占了上风。但长远来看,经由辉格史学等近代史学的演绎,暴君查理则更广为人知,成为主流形象,具有警示意义。The death of Charles I is one of the important moments of the British Revolution.Around this event,with the help of cheap printed materials widely circulated in Early Modern age,the Rump Parliament had a fierce public opinion propaganda war with the royalist party.In this process,the opposite images of CharlesⅠ—the tyrant and the martyr—were sprouted,clarified and formed.However,by the end of 1649,the propaganda of the tyrant of the Rump Parliament had cooled down,while the propaganda of the martyr of the royalist party was gradually rising.In the short term,martyr Charles won.But in the long run,through the interpretation of modern history such as Whig,tyrant Charles is more widely known and has become the mainstream image,which is of warning significance.

关 键 词：查理一世 暴君 殉道者 君王形象 英国革命 

分 类 号：K561.4[历史地理—历史学]