论家庭教育领域国家介入的能动与制约——兼评家庭教育立法  

On the Dos and Don’ts of State Intervention in Family Education:A Review of China’s Legislation for Family Education

作　　者：苏明月 Su Mingyue

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学法学院暨刑事法律科学研究院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2022年第6期103-114,共12页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：最高人民检察院检察理论课题“妇联组织参与未成年人检察社会支持建设机制研究”(项目编号:GJ2021D37)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：作为天然的、基本的社会单元,家庭具有自主性,拥有相对自治权。作为私领域的家庭,其功能发挥扩展到公共领域,从而影响国家和社会发展。国家公权力通过立法将基于血缘形成的自然责任法定化,其目的不仅限于社会防卫的功利目的。虽基于功利目的的国家干预可能会带来保护儿童权益的客观效果,但其实并不必然。面对家庭功能失灵或者失常的状态,国家介入家庭成为一种必要,但同时应警惕国家公权力的“双刃剑”效应,制约公权、防止国家过度介入家庭领域。相较于强硬介入或“剥权”,国家应以“柔软”的姿态来守护、支持家庭教育,作为一种日常状态体现出福利国家对儿童和家庭私领域的柔性支持。A family,as a natural and basic social unit,has relative autonomy.Though of a nature of private sphere,its function can extend to the public sphere and affect the social and national development.Therefore,to legalize its natural blood-based responsibility through the public state power is not just for the utilitarian purpose of social defense.Such utilitarian state intervention may bring about the objective effect of protecting the rights of children,though it is not always the case.Therefore,state intervention,though a must in the face of family dysfunctioning,shall be restrained from being overused and its"double-edged"effect shall be guarded against.Instead of hardline intervention or"the deprivation of rights,"the state should guard and support family education with a"gentle"stance,characteristics of the welfare state to the children and the family.

关 键 词：亲权 亲责 家庭功能 国家权力 国家责任 家庭教育立法 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]