转基因生物安全立法的价值问题探究  

An Investigation into the Value Considerations in the Legislation on the Safety of Genetically Modified Organisms

作　　者：李姝卉 Li Shuhui

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学法治学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2022年第6期156-170,共15页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大研究专项项目(项目号:18VHJ009)“中华优秀传统文化传承发展的立法对策研究”的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：自20世纪70年代以来,现代生物技术尤其是转基因生物技术的蓬勃发展,给医疗、工业、农业等多个领域带来了新的变革。然而,转基因技术自身仍然存在科学不确定性,在生态环境、人类健康、生物武器等领域存在一定的安全风险;转基因技术可实现物种间的基因转移,将其运用于人体,容易导致技术自由与平等、安全、尊严、隐私、经济效益等价值的巨大冲突,亟需法律作出相应的回应。为有效应对转基因生物技术对社会发展和国家治理可能带来的风险与挑战,合理化解转基因技术引发的伦理问题和价值冲突,就应当努力实现科学技术进步、社会秩序维护和国家安全治理之间的平衡。一方面,应坚持保护人类整体利益优先的价值观,将安全价值尤其是人的生命安全价值作为转基因技术法律体系建构的首要价值;另一方面,应在确保转基因技术安全的前提下,努力兼顾安全、自由、效益、平等等法律价值,综合作出立法价值选择。Since 1970s,the vigorous development of modern biotechnology,especially transgenic biotechnology,has brought new changes to many fields such as medical treatment,industry and agriculture.However,transgenic technology still faces scientific uncertainties in itself,and may bring about safety risks in ecological environment,human health,and of producing biological weapons,etc.In addition,as transgenic technology can realize gene transfer between species,if applied to human body,it will easily cause great conflicts between technological freedom and legal values such as equality,security,freedom and economic benefits.Therefore,it is urgent for legislation to make due responses.In order to effectively cope with the risks and challenges posed by genetically modified biotechnology to social development and state governance,and reasonably resolve the related ethical problems and value conflicts,a balance should be achieved among the scientific and technological progress,social order maintenance and state security governance.On the one hand,the protection of the interests for the whole mankind shall be the top priority,putting first the safety value,especially the one for human life in value considerations in the construction of the legal system of transgenic technology.On the other hand,on the premise of ensuring the safety of transgenic technology,the choice of legislative values should be made by weighing and balancing the legal values such as safety,freedom,efficiency and equality,etc.

关 键 词：转基因 生物安全 法律价值 安全 人类利益 

分 类 号：D922.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]