国家在跨界损害领域的预防义务  

The Precautionary Obligations of a State in Preventing Transboundary Damage

作　　者：林灿铃[1] Lin Canling

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学

出　　处：《比较法研究》2022年第6期171-180,共10页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：中国政法大学科研创新年度规划项目“大气污染国家间协同治理机制研究”(项目编号:20ZFG82005)的研究成果;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助。

摘　　要：科学理论的产生与发展和人类社会的实践是紧密联系的,人类社会在发展进程中所面对的困境和难题必然促进科学理论的不断创新。高新技术的应用导致跨界损害后果的行为虽然不被国际法所禁止,但已成为当前国际关系中突出的焦点问题。有鉴于此,动态发展的国际法亦需进一步发展完善,就预防义务的相关实体规定必须随着科学技术的应用不断加以完善,课予行为主体在跨界损害领域中应有的法律义务,在实施国际法不加禁止行为时采取预防性措施,切实履行诸如通知与事先知情同意、跨界环境影响评价、信息收集与交流等预防义务,切实达到从源头预防和/或控制跨界损害的发生以使自然生态系统免遭损害并保护环境和人体健康的目的。Just as the formation and development of scientific theories is closely linked and often promoted by the difficulties and challenges encountered in the human social practice,the international law needs to be improved with the high-tech development and its application.Having not been prohibited by international law,the transboundary damage incurred by the new high-tech application has become a prominent issue in the current international relations.Therefore,the relevant substantive rules and regulations concerning a state’s obligation to prevent such kind of damage should be constantly improved with the application of science and technology,imposing due legal obligations,under which the related subjects,when committing some acts not prohibited by international law,shall take some precautionary measures such as the notification and prior informed consent,the transboundary environmental impact assessment,and information collection and communication etc.Only in this way can the transboundary damage be prevented from its source,and hence the natural ecosystem and human health be protected.

关 键 词：国际法 跨界损害 预防原则 法律义务 

分 类 号：D996.9[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]