《南海行为准则》的法律定位及其与 《联合国海洋法公约》的关系  

The Legal Positioning of COC and Its Relationship with UNCLOS

作　　者：罗国强[1,2] 余露 LUO Guoqiang;YU Lu(Institute of International Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei;Guanghua Law School,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310008,Zhejiang)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学国际法研究所,湖北武汉430072 [2]浙江大学光华法学院,浙江杭州310008

出　　处：《南洋问题研究》2022年第4期16-30,共15页Southeast Asian Affairs

基　　金：2023年浙江省哲学社会科学领军人才培育课题(引进人才支持)“国际法治新思维下的新时代国际争端解决”(23YJRC02ZD)。

摘　　要：《南海行为准则》是规范南海地区秩序、管控南海危机的重要文件,但是其法律定位及其与《联合国海洋法公约》的关系仍未明确,这不仅不利于《准则》后续磋商的顺利进行,而且埋下了未来《准则》被滥用或具体作用被削减的隐患。根据《南海各方行为宣言》的执行情况以及目前的南海局势判断,《准则》的法律定位应该是具有法律拘束力的国际条约。《准则》和《公约》之间关系密切,二者既有联系又有区别。《准则》和《公约》存在着条约冲突风险,《准则》若违反了《公约》所体现的强行法,整个将归于无效;《准则》若违反了《公约》所体现的强行法以外的其他义务,其缔约方将承担相应的国家责任;《准则》未违反《公约》义务而做出与《公约》不同的安排,其优先于《公约》适用。COC is an important document for regulating regional order in the South China Sea and for managing the crisis in the South China Sea,but its legal positioning and relationship with UNCLOS are still unclear,which is not only not conducive to the smooth progress of the follow-up consultations of COC,but also invites the risk of weakening the specific role of COC in the future.Judging from the implementation of DOC and the current situation in the South China Sea,the legal positioning of COC should be an international treaty with legal binding force.COC and UNCLOS are closely related and have both links and differences.There is a risk of treaty conflict between COC and UNCLOS,and COC will be null and void if it violated the jus cogens embodied in UNCLOS;if COC violated other obligations other than the jus cogens embodied in UNCLOS,their parties will bear corresponding State responsibility;if COC did not violate the obligations of UNCLOS and make different arrangements from UNCLOS,it takes precedence over UNCLOS.

关 键 词：《南海行为准则》 《联合国海洋法公约》 条约冲突 国际条约 

分 类 号：DF935[政治法律—国际法学]