中国煤炭工业技术自立的实现途径探析(1949—1966年)  

Research on the Path of Technological Self-reliance of Chinese Coal Industry from 1949 to 1966

作　　者：王慎 WANG Shen(School of Marxism,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou Jiangsu 22115)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学马克思主义学院,江苏徐州221115

出　　处：《湖北理工学院学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第1期1-7,共7页Journal of Hubei Polytechnic University(Humanities And Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“近代中国煤矿灾害事故与安全治理研究”,项目编号:20BZS101;江苏省高校哲学社会研究项目“中国共产党接收改造矿山企业的历史特点及其经验研究(1949—1956)”,项目编号:2021SJA1022;中国矿业大学社会科学基金项目“中国共产党领导煤炭工业的体制变革与技术自立研究(1949—1966)”,项目编号:JAG220001。

摘　　要：1949—1966年中国煤炭工业领域实现技术自立主要依赖三个途径,分别是外部技术的引进、群众性技术革命运动和科研工作者的技术创新。从历史的角度看,这三类技术自立的方式都在不同阶段分别发挥了各自的独特作用。直接引进、借鉴、吸收国外的经验和技术固然可以快速、有效提升当时国内煤炭工业的技术水平,但由于受制于国家之间外交关系,时常有中断的风险,故不是较为可靠的技术自立渠道。“自下而上”式的群众性技术革命虽能够最大限度地利用民众的热情和才智,但客观事物发展的自身规律决定这样的技术进步基本不可能在尖端的、重大的科研领域取得突破,也很难保证技术革命运动能够持续开展。与外部技术的引进和群众性技术革命运动相比,充分发挥国内学校、科研机构的作用和专业技术人员的智慧,开展技术攻关才是煤炭工业实现技术自立的正确途径。There are three main ways to achieve technological self-reliance in Chinese coal industry from 1949 to 1966,namely,the introduction of external technology,the mass technological revolution movement and the technological innovation of scientific researchers.From a historical perspective,these three types of technological self-reliance have played their own roles in different stages.Although the technical level of the domestic coal industry were quickly and effectively improved at the time when foreign experience and technology were directly introduced,learned and absorbed,it is not a reliable way of technological self-reliance with the risk of suspension due to the diplomatic relations between countries.The enthusiasm and wisdom of the people is used in the"bottom-up"mass technological revolution,however,due to the laws of the development of objective things,it is impossible for mass technological revolution to make breakthroughs in cutting-edge and major scientific research fields and that the technological revolution is not sustainable.Compared with the introduction of external technology and the mass technological revolution,the correct way for the coal industry to achieve technological self-reliance is to give full play to the role of domestic schools and scientific research institutions and the wisdom of professional and technical personnel to carry out technological research.

关 键 词：煤炭工业 技术自立 技术创新 1949—1966年 

分 类 号：G122[文化科学]