深层-超深层碳酸盐岩多类型储集体地震预测  

Seismic characterization of multi-type deep/ultra-deep carbonate reservoir

作　　者：何治亮[1] 朱成宏[2] 徐蔚亚[2] 赵爽[3] 李海英[4] 夏红敏[2] 蒲勇[5] 张宏 HE ZhiLiang;ZHU ChengHong;XU WeiYa;ZHAO Shuang;LI HaiYing;XIA HongMin;PU Yong;ZHANG Hong(China Petrochemical Corporation,Beijing 100728,China;Sinopec Petroleum Exploration&Production Research Institute,Beijing 102206,China;Sinopec Southwest Oil and Gas Company,Chengdu 610041,China;Sinopec Northwest Oil Company,Urumqi 830011,China;Sinopec Exploration Company,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油化工股份有限公司,北京100728 [2]中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京102206 [3]中国石化西南油气分公司,成都610041 [4]中国石化西北油气分公司,乌鲁木齐830011 [5]中国石化勘探分公司,成都610041

出　　处：《地球物理学报》2023年第1期65-82,共18页Chinese Journal of Geophysics

基　　金：中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项(XDA14010201);国家自然科学基金企业联合重点基金(U20B6001);国家重大科技专项(2017ZX05005)资助.

摘　　要：塔里木盆地、四川盆地以及鄂尔多斯盆地深层-超深层碳酸盐岩油气藏是中国油气勘探的重要领域.由于中国海相深层碳酸盐岩储层发育的主控因素差异很大,碳酸盐岩储集体类型多,非均质性极强.随着深度增加,海相地层地震资料信噪比低、分辨率变差,增加了碳酸盐岩储层地震预测的难度.本文提出了以“相、面、断”三种端元为基础的深层碳酸盐岩储集体分类的新方法,针对相控型、面控型和断控型三种类型储集体,形成了相应的储集体预测方法、流程,包括:(1)川西雷口坡组气田潮坪相白云岩薄储层“三型两构”组合预测技术;(2)川北茅口组气藏礁滩相白云岩薄储层地震沉积学分析约束的高分辨率反演技术;(3)顺北油气田奥陶系断控储集体基于振幅响应正演模拟的定性-定量描述;(4)大牛地奥陶系不整合面岩溶储集体地质规律指导下的波形分类与古地貌刻画技术.这些方法围绕特定类型储集体的特征,充分运用地质分析所建立的储集体模式,较好地预测了储集体的厚度、物性、含油气性及分布范围,实现了单纯依据地震数据无法达到的预测目标,取得了良好的应用效果,有力支撑了深层-超深层油气勘探突破与高效开发.As one of the major exploration frontiers in China,the deep and ultra-deep pre-Mesozoic marine carbonate reservoirs discovered in Tarim,Sichuan and Ordos basins,show diversified trap types and strong heterogeneities,which come from the big difference in diagenesis and tectonic processes.It is challenging to characterize these types of reservoirs,because the resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data is low,and even worse as depth increases.To address the challenge,a new reservoir classification method is proposed in this paper.With this method,the deep and ultra-deep pre-Mesozoic marine carbonate reservoirs can be classified as three end-member(facies-related,unconformity-related,and fault-related)and their combinations,as the dominant controlling factor is facies,or unconformity,or fault,or the joint.We further develop the methods and procedures to delineate each end-member on seismic data,which includes:(1)analyzing the seismic reflection patterns for“the composite of thin reservoirs”instead of each thin reservoir for Leikoupo tidal dolomite in west Sichuan basin;(2)applying high-definition inversion with seismic sedimentological analysis constraints to Maokou reef dolomite in north Sichuan basin;(3)utilizing seismic simulation amplitude to qualitatively and quantitively evaluate Ordovician fault-vug in Shunbei,Tarim basin;(4)carrying out waveform clustering and paleogeomorphology analysis to predict gas accumulation for Ordovician unconformity in Daniudi,Ordos basin.All the methods are elaborately testified to honor the characteristics and evolution difference in reservoirs,and a better definition of reservoir thickness,distribution,petrophysics and gas saturation is achieved,which could be impossible to get from seismic attributes only.The application of these techniques has leaded to series of exploration successes in deep/ultra-deep carbonate formations which propped up increasing oil and gas production.

关 键 词：深层-超深层 碳酸盐岩储层分类 相控型储层 面控型储层 断控型储层 地质指导地震预测技术 川西雷口坡组潮坪相气藏 顺北奥陶系断控油气藏 大牛地奥陶系不整合面气藏 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]