北京市朝阳区832名3~6岁儿童气质特征与饮食行为的关系研究  

Study on The Relationship Between Temperament and Eating Behaviors of 832 Children Aged 3—6 Years in Chaoyang District of Beijing City

作　　者：许仙峰 王菲 简远志 周若宇 尹宁 文婧 张晓玄 王军波[1,2] 赵卓 XU Xian-feng;WANG Fei;JIAN Yuan-zhi;ZHOU Ruo-yu;YIN Ning;WEN Jing;ZHANG Xiao-xuan;WANG Jun-bo;ZHAO Zhuo(Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China;Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Evaluation of Food Safety,Beijing 100191,China;Pingfang Community Medical Service Center,Chaoyang District,Beijing 100123,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系,北京100191 [2]食品安全毒理学研究与评价北京市重点实验室,北京100191 [3]北京市朝阳区平房社区卫生服务中心,北京100123

出　　处：《中国食物与营养》2022年第12期36-40,共5页Food and Nutrition in China

摘　　要：目的:了解3~6岁儿童气质发育现状及特点,探讨3~6岁儿童气质特征与饮食行为之间的关系。方法:采用随机整群抽样法,选取北京市朝阳区平房乡5所幼儿园832名3~6岁儿童及其1名主要看护人作为研究对象。采用自拟问卷的方式调查3~6岁儿童的一般状况、养育情况等;分别采用《中国3~7岁儿童气质量表(CPTS)》《学龄前儿童饮食行为量表》调查评价3~6岁儿童的气质发育特点和饮食行为情况。采用Logistic回归方法分析气质特征与饮食行为的关系。结果:832名3~6岁儿童气质类型分布情况为平易型23.2%(193名)、中间近平易型32.3%(269名)、中间近麻烦型15.4%(128名)、发动缓慢型15.3%(127名)、麻烦型13.8%(115名)。积极型气质(平易型和中间近平易型)占55.5%,消极型气质(中间近麻烦型、发动缓慢型和麻烦型)占44.5%;不同气质类型和气质分类的3~6岁儿童在挑食、食物响应、不良进食习惯、过饱响应、外因性进食、情绪性进食和主动进食能力等儿童饮食行为维度的得分均具有统计学差异(P<0.05),消极型气质的儿童主动进食能力得分较低,其余维度得分较高。Logistic回归分析结果显示,相比积极气质,消极气质分别是儿童挑食明显(OR=2.969,95%CI:2.236~3.944)、食物响应高(OR=1.594,95%CI:1.207~2.105)、不良进食习惯多(OR=2.177,95%CI:1.640~2.888)、过饱响应高(OR=1.716,95%CI:1.297~2.270)和外因性进食多(OR=1.838,95%CI:1.393~2.426)的危险因素;积极气质是儿童主动进食能力减弱的保护因素(OR=0.618,95%CI:0.464~0.823)。结论:北京市朝阳区平房乡3~6岁儿童大多数呈现积极气质特征,儿童的气质特征影响儿童饮食行为。Objective To investigate the present situation and characteristics of temperament development of children aged 3―6 years,and explore the relationship between temperament and eating behaviors of children preliminarily.Method Random cluster sampling was used in this study.832 children and their primary caregivers from five kindergartens were selected as the research objects in Pingfang Township,Chaoyang District,Beijing.Using the self-designed questionnaire to collect the general situation of children and family rearing environment.“Chinese Preschool Children Temperament Scale”and“Caregiver’s Feeding Style Questionnaire”were used to investigate and evaluate the temperament development characteristics and eating behaviors of children aged 3―6.Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between children’s temperament characteristics and eating behaviors.Result The distribution of temperament types was as follows:the two major temperament types were easy-to-raise and intermediate-near-easy-to-raise,accounting for 23.2%(193 children)and32.3%(269 children),while types of intermediate-near-difficult,difficult and slow-initate accounted 15.4%(128 children),15.3%(127 children)and 13.8%(115 children)respectively.Easy-to-raise type and intermediate-near-easy-to-raise type were positive temperament types,accounting for 55.5%,while the rest were negative temperament types,accounting for 44.5%.There were statistically significant differences in the scores of children’s eating behavior dimensions including picky eating,food response,bad eating habits,oversatiety response,exogenous eating,emotional eating and active eating ability among 3―6 years old children with different temperament types and temperament categories(P<0.05).Children with negative temperament had lower scores on active eating ability and higher scores on other dimensions.The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with positive temperament,negative temperament was significantly picky eating(OR=2.969,95%CI:2.2

关 键 词：儿童 气质 饮食行为 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]