马克思新闻自由观的历史语境与内涵重释——以英国“反知识税运动”为背景  

An Reinterpretation of the Historical Context and Connotation of Marx's Concept of Press Freedom on the Background of the Anti-knowledge-Tax Movement in England

作　　者：王润泽[1,2,3] 王汉威 WANG Runze;WANG Hanwei(School of Journalism and Communication,Renmin University of China;Research Center of Journalism and Social Development,Renmin University of China;The Chinese Association for History of Journalism and Mass Communication)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学新闻与社会发展研究中心 [2]中国新闻史学会 [3]中国人民大学新闻学院

出　　处：《中国人民大学学报》2022年第6期183-195,共13页Journal of Renmin University of China

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金项目(研究生)“马克思的报刊实践与英国‘反知识税运动’”(22XNH182)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：争取和构建新闻自由的过程是西方新闻史书写的灵魂主线,其中19世纪英国的“反知识税运动”是里程碑性质的事件。实践中的“反知识税运动”主要存在于当时议会辩论和精英报纸讨论中,学术研究多集中于新闻史领域。但细查议会与新闻史文本,新闻自由分别指向了“法权说”和“市场说”,实践中二者存在明显的冲突和局限。彼时马克思亦在报业活动中阐释了“能动说”的新闻自由内涵,对报业垄断给予了充分的重视和批判,通过对实践性、人民性和能动性的揭示,进一步丰富了新闻自由的认知,澄清了新闻自由观念可能存在的认识误区。在中国特色社会主义新闻事业发展语境下,马克思的新闻自由观念以人民性为挈领,仍有着深刻的现实关切。The anti-knowledge-tax movement in England in the 19^(th) Century was a milestone in the process of striving for press freedom in the history of western journalism.This movement mainly existed in the parliamentary debate and the discussion of elite newspapers, and the academic focus of the time was on the history of journalism.However, a further examination of the contemporary materials in this regard finds that the concept of press freedom of the time could be defined by both the“right theory”and the“market theory”,which are fundamentally different.At that time, Karl Marx also contributed his“initiative theory”to the understanding of press freedom.Compared with the“right theory”and the“market theory”,the “initiative theory” calls for greater attention to the monopoly of press and criticizes it.This further clarified the concept of press freedom.

关 键 词：新闻自由 报刊印花税 人民性 实践 能动性 

分 类 号：K561.4[历史地理—历史学] G219.561[历史地理—世界史]