词类研究中的困境及化解方式  

Dilemmas and a solution in the studies of word categories

作　　者：熊仲儒 XIONG Zhongru(Dept.of Linguistics,Beijing Language and Culture University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学语言学系,北京市100083

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》2022年第6期815-827,958,共14页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“汉英名词与动词互转的生成语法研究”(21BYY047)资助。

摘　　要：本文从生成语法的角度探讨汉语词类研究的困境,认为真正困境在于“词有定类”与“扩展规约”之间的冲突,并提出引进“零形式”和将特定位置的词确定为短语的化解方式。句法成分不能由词充当,只能由短语充当,否则按照扩展规约或标签运算,会影响所在结构的范畴标签,从而产生解释上的错误,所以词类与句法成分之间没有关系,“类有定职”不会存在。扩展规约是限制人类可能的短语结构的方式,如果要遵守扩展规约,就需要在短语转类时引进零形式。零形式的引进,或许会增加推导步骤,但不会影响简约原则;且在遵守简约原则的同时,还能维护词有定类和扩展规约。This paper discusses dilemmas in Chinese word category studies from the perspective of generative grammar. It argues that there is only one genuine dilemma of the fixed word category versus the head feature convention and proposes as a solution to introduce a zero form and to treat a word in the specific position as a phrase. The grammatical functions cannot be performed by words but by phrases;otherwise, errors in interpretation will be induced since the word as a head determines the constituent category. Hence, there is no corresponding relation between functions and categories, and functions of categories are not fixed. The head feature convention is a constraint imposed on possible human phrase structures. A zero form must be introduced for the sake of category conversion to observe the constraint. The introduction of the zero form may cause more derivation steps, but will not affect the simplicity principle. Instead, it observes the simplicity principle while maintaining the fixed word category hypothesis and the head feature convention.

关 键 词：词类 零形式 向心性 参照集 标签运算 

分 类 号：H042[语言文字—语言学]