云南乌头属药用植物资源调查  

Investigation on Medicinal Plant Resources of Aconitum in Yunnan Province

作　　者：徐天才[1] 陈翠[1] 康平德[1] 戚淑威[1] 程远辉[1] 袁慧娟 孙恒[1] 杨丽云[1] 杨少华[1] XU Tiancai;CHEN Cui;KANG Pingde;QI Shuwei;CHEN Yunhui;YUAN Huijuan;SUN Heng;YANG Liyun;YANG Shaohua(The Alpine Economic Plant Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lijiang Yunnan 674100,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所,云南丽江674100

出　　处：《中医药导报》2022年第12期53-59,73,共8页Guiding Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy

基　　金：国家中医药管理局全国中药资源普查项目(GZY-KJS-2018-004,YNZYZYPC2018-004)。

摘　　要：目的:调查云南乌头属药用植物资源的种类、分布、利用及现状,为保护与合理利用乌头属药用植物资源提供理论依据。方法:通过野外考察、线路调查、民间访问、查阅乌头属药用植物的文献、资料整理等调查方法,对云南乌头属药用植物资源的种类、分布地点、药用价值与资源利用现状进行研究分析。结果:云南共计分布有乌头属药用植物有69种、27变种、2变型、3原变型,在原有基础上增加乌头属药用植物3种。云南乌头属种占全国(167种)乌头属植物种类的41.3%,功效与附子、草乌相同的品种占云南乌头属植物种的68.0%;入药部位是块根、全草、幼苗、叶;使用率为100.0%,药用功效基本相同,但治疗疾病不同;减毒方法为辨证防毒、配伍减毒、炮制减毒、药物解毒;乌头属植物分布地点以云南天然植被保护良好的高寒山地丘陵为主。结论:云南乌头属药用植物资源丰富,许多种类具有很高的药用价值,值得进一步开发利用;减毒方法可为该属植物在应用研究中提供科学依据。Objective:To investigate the species,distribution,utilization and current situation of medicinal plant resources of Aconitum in Yunnan,and provide a theoretical basis for the protection and rational utilization of medicinal plant resources of Aconitum.Methods:By means of field investigation,route survey,folk visit,literature review and data collection,the species,distribution sites,medicinal value and utilization status of medicinal plants of Aconitum in Yunnan were studied and analyzed.Results:There were 69 species,27 varieties,2 variants and 3 original variants of Aconitum medicinal plants distributed in Yunnan,and 3 new species of Aconitum medicinal plants were added on the original basis.The number of Aconitum medicinal species in Yunan accounted for 41.3%of Aconitum medicinal species in China(167 species).The varieties with the same efficacy as Fuzi(Aconiti Radix Lateralis Praeparata)and Caowu(Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix)accounted for 68.0%of Aconitum species in Yunnan.The medicinal parts were mainly root tuber,whole grass,seedling and leaf.The use rate was 100.0%,the medicinal efficacy were basically the same,but the treatment of diseases were different.The methods of detoxification included syndrome differentiation,compatibility,processing and drug detoxification.The distribution of Aconitum plants were mainly in the alpine mountains and hills with well protected natural vegetation in Yunnan.Conclusion:The medicinal plant resources of Aconitum in Yunnan are rich,and many species have high medicinal value,which is worthy of further development and utilization.The method of detoxification can provide scientific basis for the application research of Aconitum medicinal plants.

关 键 词：乌头属 药用植物资源 资源调查 减毒方法 云南 

分 类 号：R282.71[医药卫生—中药学]