中国法院“案多人少”的实证评估与应对策略  

The Empirical Evaluation and Countermeasures of ’More Cases but Fewer Judges’ in Chinese Courts

作　　者：程金华[1,2] Cheng Jinhua

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院 [2]上海交通大学中国法与社会研究院

出　　处：《中国法学》2022年第6期238-261,共24页China Legal Science

摘　　要：“案多人少”以及由此造成的司法能力危机,是当今世界各国法院普遍面临的问题。基于统计和问卷调查数据的实证研究发现,当前中国法院系统“案多人少”问题日益突出。虽然中国法官的人均案件量低于日本和美国法官,但是中国法官普遍感到较大的工作负荷和压力,部分原因在于其同时承担比较繁重的审判与非审判工作任务。当前中国法院的“案多人少”虽还没有对司法效率造成明显的损害,但影响了法官的工作积极性和队伍的稳定性。为了避免问题趋于严重,应当从诉讼需求和司法供给两侧同时发力,合理布局程序调节、社会治理、法院增员和管理增效四种途径,展开全方位的系统改革。其中,改革重点是优化法院管理效能,尽力减免法官的非审判工作时间支出以提高司法生产率,并通过法院组织体系的改造来建构符合信息时代需求的现代化中国法院治理体系。Courts throughout the world are confronting the same problem of ’more cases but fewer judges’ and judicial capacity crisis caused by heavy caseloads. Based on empirical data, the problem of ’more cases but fewer judges’ is increasingly prominent in the current Chinese court system. Although the caseload per judge in Chinese courts is relatively lower than that in Japan and the US, judges in China widely feel heavy workloads and high occupational stress partly because they have a much higher proportion of judicial and non-judicial workloads. Although the problem has not caused obvious damage to judicial efficiency, it has affected the enthusiasm of judges and the team’s stability. As a result, reforms both from the demand and the supply sides shall be taken to overcome this problem, including the adjustment through legal procedures, social governance, increase in the total number of judicial employees, and improvement of judicial efficiency. To release non-judicial duties from Chinese judges and improve organizational effectiveness shall be the focus of the undergoing judicial reform in China to construct a modern Chinese court governance system that meets the needs of the information era.

关 键 词：案多人少 司法能力危机 诉讼需求 司法供给 法院管理 

分 类 号：D926.2[政治法律—法学]