新中国农村基层治理变革的三重逻辑  

Three-dimensional Logic of Rural Grassroots Governance Transformation in New China

作　　者：李燕凌[1] 高猛 LI Yanling;GAO Meng

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学公共管理与法学学院 [2]浙江海洋大学经济与管理学院

出　　处：《中国农村观察》2022年第6期2-22,共21页China Rural Survey

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“数字化视角下推进以县城为重要载体的城镇化建设研究”(编号:21AZD049);国家社会科学基金后期资助重点项目“我国农村公共产品供给标准理论与实践研究”(编号:20FGLA001)阶段性成果

摘　　要：如何将中国特色社会主义制度优势更好地转化为农村基层治理效能,是全面推进乡村振兴的关键问题,也是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的一项重大课题。从系统思维出发,农村基层政权、村民自治权、农村土地产权的“同构”与“共变”,是新中国农村基层治理变革的显著特征;新的功能需求与旧的结构安排之间的矛盾运动,成为牵引变革的历史逻辑。新中国成立以来,农村基层治理经历了四个阶段,在“结构-功能”关系上依次呈现“中均衡-低效能”(1949-1952年)、“低均衡-低效能”(1953-1977年)、“中均衡-中效能”(1978-2011年)、“中均衡-高效能”(2012年以来)四种形态,总体上呈现从“低效均衡”向“高效均衡”的螺旋上升趋势。国家建制、社会创制、产权改制的相互交错、彼此借用,成为驱动新中国农村基层治理变革的深层制度逻辑。进入新时代,农村基层治理势必立足“权制互动”的实践逻辑,通过在经济、政治、社会领域统筹推进以人为核心的农民增权赋能,走中国特色社会主义乡村善治之路。How to better transform the advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics into the effectiveness of rural grassroots governance is a key to comprehensively promote rural revitalization, and a major issue in the process of promoting the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity. The “isomorphism” and “covariation” of rural land property rights, grassroots regime and villagers’ autonomy are remarkable features of the rural grassroots governance reform since the founding of New China. The contradictory movement between the new functional requirements and the old structural arrangements has become the historical logic that drove changes. Since the founding of New China, rural grassroots governance has experienced four stages successively. In terms of relationship between structure and function, it has successively presented four forms, namely,“medium equilibrium and low efficiency”(1949-1952), “low equilibrium and low efficiency”(1953-1977), “medium equilibrium and medium efficiency”(1978-2011), as well as “medium equilibrium and high efficiency”(since 2012). On the whole, it has shown a spiral upward trend from “low efficient equilibrium” to “high efficient equilibrium”. The reform of rural property rights,the construction of rural grassroots regime and the creation of rural social forces were intertwined and borrowed from each other,which became the institutional logic driving the reform. In the new era, rural grassroots governance is bound to be based on the practical logic of “interaction between rights and systems” and take the road of socialist rural good governance with Chinese characteristicsby comprehensively promoting people-centered farmers’ empowerment in theeconomic, political and socialfields.

关 键 词：农村基层治理 变革逻辑 农村基层政权 村民自治权 农村土地产权 

分 类 号：F320.3[经济管理—产业经济]