传统、法治及身份:对中国农村女性土地权益受侵的审视  

Tradition, Rule of Law and Identity: On the Infringement of Rural Women’s Land Rights and Interests in China

作　　者：王健 WANG Jian

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院

出　　处：《中国农村观察》2022年第6期56-67,共12页China Rural Survey

摘　　要：受传统观念和中国农村土地权利结构特征等因素的影响,中国农村女性土地权益受侵现象在部分农村地区客观存在。本文研究发现:农村女性在土地承包经营和土地收益分配上处于弱势地位,获得的土地权益不长久、不稳定。农村各项土地权利以家庭为单位来实现,来自家庭内外部侵犯个人土地权益的威胁更容易发生在家庭中的女性成员身上。农村女性土地权益受侵涉及女性未婚、招婿、外嫁、离婚、丧偶等多种“身份”类型。传统观念下女性的“身份”类型会直接影响土地收益的分配决策,加深性别歧视的作用。非正式制度中歧视女性的陈规陋习是造成农村女性土地权益受侵的重要原因。应进一步完善农村女性土地权益的保护机制,促进社会性别平等和保障农村女性发展权。Under the combined effects of traditional concepts and the structural characteristics of China’s rural land rights, the violation of rural women’s land rights and interests exists in some rural areas. This article finds that rural women have been in a disadvantageous position in land contract management and land income distribution, and their land rights and interests are not long-term and stable. Since land rights are exercised by families in rural areas, female members tend to be more vulnerable to the threats from inside and outside their families. The violation of rural women’s land rights and interests involves various identities,including being unmarried, married(living together either in own’s house or in spouse’s house), divorced or widowed. The traditional concepts of women’s “identity” types will directly affect the distribution of land income decision-making, deepening the impacts of gender discrimination. The stereotypes that discriminate against women in the informal system are the primary reason for the violation of rural women’s land rights. Therefore, there is a need to further improve the protection mechanism of rural women’s land rights and interests, promote genderequality and safeguardrural women’s rightto development.

关 键 词：农村女性 土地权益 土地制度 村规民约 法律保护 

分 类 号：F321.32[经济管理—产业经济]