纵向产业结构与最优减税策略:结构性减税的理论基础  

Vertical Industrial Structure and Optimal Tax Reduction Strategy:A Theoretical Basis for Tax Reduction in China

作　　者：尹振东[1] 吕冰洋[2] YIN Zhen-dong;LYU Bing-yang(School of Economics,Central University of Finance and Economics;School of Finance,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学经济学院 [2]中国人民大学财政金融学院

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2022年第11期43-60,共18页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“现代治理框架中的中国财税体制研究”(批准号16ZDA027);国家社会科学基金重大项目“实施扩大内需战略同深化供给侧结构性改革有机结合研究”(批准号21ZDA034)。

摘　　要：最近十几年来,中国持续推行了一系列减税改革,改革特点是普惠性减税与结构性减税并举,本文侧重研究结构性减税的逻辑。结合中国上游产业竞争较弱、下游产业竞争较强的特点,通过构建纵向产业结构模型,本文研究了减税的产业关联效应,进而推导出最大化上下游总体减税效果的最优减税策略。研究发现,相较于对上游征税,对下游征税能更有效地筹集税收,但是会导致经济总产出下降较多。当市场变得不景气时,最优减税策略取决于政府目标函数的设定:若政府目标是实现经济增长,应采取对下游减税的策略;若政府目标是税收收入,则应采取对上游减税的策略。最优减税策略取决于政府对经济增长和税收收入两大目标的权衡,当前经济形势更倚重减税对经济增长的推动作用,因此减税重点在于对下游产业减税。本文还创新性地研究了对上下游均征收增值税的情形。本文的研究很好地解释了中国结构性减税的实践,有助于指导未来税制改革。In the last ten years,China has implemented a series of tax reduction reforms in order to promote economic growth and structural transformation. An important feature of China’s tax cuts is structural tax reductions,which is mainly characterized by distinguishing upstream and downstream industries and takes reducing taxes on downstream industries as the core. Why should the government implement structural tax reductions? To answer this question,we should proceed from the important characteristics of China’s economic system. A typical feature of China’s economic system is that a large number of state-owned and non-state-owned firms coexist,and there comes to be a vertical industrial structure,in which state-owned firms dominate the upstream market and private firms dominate the downstream market.How does the government implement the optimal tax reduction strategy based on the vertical industrial structure with Chinese characteristics? To this end,this paper builds a vertical industrial structure model. The government respectively sets tax rates for upstream and downstream industries to raise tax revenue and has two major targets—output target and fiscal revenue target. This paper studies the optimal combination of upstream and downstream tax rates in the presence of unilateral output target or tax target and both targets. Then,it explores the optimal tax reduction strategy to maximize the overall effect of upstream and downstream tax reduction when the economic situation declines and the industrial correlation effect of tax reduction is considered.This paper finds that compared with tax on upstream industries,the tax on downstream industries can help to raise tax revenue more effectively,but will lead to a large decline in the total economic output.This result comes from the fact that the downstream or upstream tax is to tax on sales revenue of downstream or upstream firms,and the sales revenue of downstream firms is larger than that of upstream firms. When the market becomes sluggish,the optimal tax reduct

关 键 词：纵向产业结构 减税策略 最优税率 政府目标 

分 类 号：F121[经济管理—世界经济]