营养期杀虫蛋白Vip3类转基因抗虫作物的研发进展  

Research progress of vegetative insecticidal protein Vip3 insect-resistant transgenic crops

作　　者：全玉东 吴孔明[1] QUAN Yudong;WU Kongming(State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室/中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2022年第6期672-682,共11页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：国家转基因重大专项(2019ZX08012004)。

摘　　要：苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)产生的营养期杀虫蛋白Vip3是由5个结构域组成的四聚体,其N-端主要控制结构的稳定,C-端为潜在的特异性受体结合域,共有14个模式样本,超过110种蛋白。与晶体蛋白(crystal proteins, Cry蛋白)一样,Vip3经蛋白酶消化后的杀虫活性物质主要作用于昆虫的中肠组织,可通过与特异性受体的结合引起肠道穿孔或细胞溶解,从而导致昆虫死亡。由于Vip3与Cry蛋白具有不同的杀虫机制和很强的杀虫谱互补性,国内外多采取这2类基因叠加的策略来研发新型转基因抗虫作物。Vip3Aa转基因玉米和棉花已经在美国和巴西等国家商业化种植,成为治理草地贪夜蛾等靶标害虫对Cry蛋白产生抗性的主要手段。实验室的选择压汰选表明,多种靶标害虫也可对Vip3产生较高的抗性,田间监测已证实其抗性的存在。因此,对靶标害虫的抗性监测与治理对Vip3类转基因抗虫作物产业化具有重要意义。The vegetative insecticidal protein Vip3 produced by Bacillus thuringiensis is a tetramer composed of five domains. Its N-terminal is mainly related to the stability of the structure, while the C-terminal is a potential specific receptor binding region. The Vip3 family of vegetative insecticidal proteins contains 14 holotypes and more than 110 proteins. The proposed mode of action of Vip3 shares some similarities with that of the crystal proteins(Cry proteins), in that both undergo activation(proteolytic processing) in the insect midgut, bind to receptors on the surface of the midgut cells, make pores that lead to cell lysis, and eventually death of the insect.In consideration of different active mechanisms to insects as well as their insecticidal spectrum complementarity,the stack strategy of two kinds of genes(vip3 and cry) has been widely used in development of new insectresistant transgenic crops worldwide;and Vip3Aa transgenic crops such as maize and cotton have been commercially planted in the United States, Brazil and other countries, in order to delay and manage the Cry protein resistance from some target pests such as Spodoptera frugiperda and others. It has been reported that a high resistance to Vip3 toxins by some insects could be rapidly evolved under the toxin selective press in the laboratory, and also field monitoring to several species has confirmed resistance occurrence of Vip3 in natural environments. Therefore, monitoring and management of target pest resistance are much necessary for industrialization of Vip3 insect-resistant transgenic crops.

关 键 词：营养期杀虫蛋白 转vip3基因作物 结构和功能 杀虫机制 抗性治理 

分 类 号：S476.11[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]