RNA干扰技术在害虫防治中的应用及其安全性  

Application of RNA interference technology in pest control and its safety

作　　者：汪芳 党聪 金虹霞 肖山 钟馥骏 方琦[1] 姚洪渭[1] 叶恭银[1] WANG Fang;DANG Cong;JIN Hongxia;XIAO Shan;ZHONG Fujun;FANG Qi;YAO Hongwei;YE Gongyin(State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects,Institute of Insect Sciences,College of Agriculture and Biotechnology,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;Zhejiang University Library,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学农业与生物技术学院昆虫科学研究所,水稻生物学国家重点实验室/农业农村部作物病虫分子生物学重点实验室/浙江省作物病虫生物学重点实验室,杭州310058 [2]浙江大学图书馆,杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2022年第6期683-691,共9页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U21A200246)。

摘　　要：RNA干扰(RNA interference, RNAi)是一种在生物体内高度保守的、由20~30个核苷酸(nucleotide, nt)组成的小分子非编码RNA引发的基因沉默现象。在昆虫等真核生物中,干扰小RNA(small interfering RNA, siRNA)、微RNA(microRNA, miRNA)和PIWI蛋白互作RNA(PIWI-interacting RNA, piRNA)等小分子非编码RNA在RNA干扰中发挥着重要作用。RNA干扰在害虫防治中的应用主要体现在基因功能研究、转基因抗虫植物及新型核酸农药研发等方面。RNA干扰技术及其产品在应用之前,需严格评价其在非靶标效应、靶标害虫的抗性及环境持久性方面的安全风险。本文就RNA干扰技术的作用机制、RNA干扰在农林害虫防治中的应用及其安全性等方面进行了综述,以期为RNA干扰技术在害虫防治中获得更广泛的应用提供一定的理论依据。RNA interference(RNAi) is a highly conserved gene-silencing phenomenon, induced by 20-30nucleotide(nt) small molecules of non-coding RNA in vivo. Three non-coding RNAs, such as small interfering RNA(siRNA), microRNA(miRNA) and PIWI-interacting RNA(piRNA), play important roles in RNAi of eukaryotes including insects. The applications of RNAi in pest control are mainly on the research of gene function, transgenic insect-resistant plants and novel nucleic acid pesticides. Before the applications, the safety risks in terms of non-target effects, target pest resistance and environmental persistence of interfering RNAs need to be strictly evaluated. In this paper, the mechanism of RNAi technology, application and safety of RNAi in agroforestry pest control are described, which provide some theoretical basis for RNAi technology in pest control.

关 键 词：RNA干扰 双链RNA 微RNA 害虫防治 应用 安全性 

分 类 号：Q963[生物学—昆虫学]