个人信息保护的权利化分歧及其化解  

Disagreements on the Rights of Personal Information Protection and Resolution

作　　者：刘权[1] LIU Quan

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法律评论》2022年第6期107-120,共14页China Law Review

摘　　要：对于个人信息保护,当前主要存在是否设立权利和如何设立权利的重大分歧。无论是试图通过扩大隐私权保护个人信息,还是通过权益保护个人信息,抑或是主张基于场景实行行为主义规制,都难以全面应对信息风险社会的严峻现实。《民法典》《个人信息保护法》将个人信息作为权益保护,但却均为个人设立了一些具体权利。为了制约数字时代如影相随的“数据权力”,提高基于场景的行为主义规制的正当性与实效性,实现个人信息保护和合理利用的平衡,有必要设立个人信息保护的基础性权利。个人信息权、个人信息控制权、个人信息自决权均存在难以克服的弊端,应以新兴积极权利和公私主体义务的视角设立个人信息受保护权。个人信息受保护权同时内含“权利保护请求权”和“本权请求权”,包括消极防御和积极受益两个面向,为公私主体设定了个人信息保护的双重义务。For the protection of personal information,there are currently two major differences in whether to establish rights and how to establish rights.Whether it is trying to protect personal information by expanding privacy rights,protecting personal information through rights and interests,or advocating behaviorist regulation based on scenarios,it is difficult to fully respond to the severe reality of the information risk society.The“Civil Code”and“Personal Information Protection Law”only protect the rights and interests of personal information,which makes it difficult for individuals to effectively claim positive obligations for the protection of personal information from the state and private entities.In order to restrict the ubiquitous“data power”in the digital age,improve the legitimacy and effectiveness of scenario-based behaviorist regulations,and achieve a balance between personal information protection and rational use,the right of personal information protection cannot be delayed.However,the personal information right,the personal information control right,and the personal information self-determination right all have insurmountable drawbacks.The right to the protection of personal information should be established from the perspective of emerging positive rights and obligations of public and private subjects.The right to protection of personal information contains both the“right to request protection of rights”and the“right to request this right”,including the two aspects of passive defense and active benefit,and it sets dual obligations for the state and private subjects to protect personal information.

关 键 词：个人信息 隐私权 个人信息受保护权 积极权利 数字经济 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D923[政治法律—法学]