基于社会-生态系统(SES)框架的卢旺达国家公园管理绩效评价及启示  

The Management Performance Evaluation and Inspiration of Rwanda National Park Based on Social Ecosystem(SES)Frame Work

作　　者：成诗怡 侯方淼[1] 玛尼 Cheng Shiyi;Hou Fangmiao;Gorette(School of Economics and Management,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学经济管理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《林草政策研究》2022年第3期89-96,共8页Journal of forestry and grassland policy

基　　金：中央高校基本业务费项目“双循环视域下产业集群和全球价值链重构对林业产业高质量发展的影响研究”(2021SRZ02);国家自然科学基金面上项目“改革开放40年来我国集体林产权制度改革及相关林业政策对农户林业生产要素配置及其收入影响研究”(71873043);国家林业和草原局委托项目“基于新型经营主体视角的乡村林业改革发展政策绩效评价”(JYC-2021-00203)。

摘　　要：2021年,中国政府宣布正式设立第1批国家公园,标志着我国生态文明领域又一重大制度创新落地生根,也标志着国家公园由试点转向建设阶段。国家公园是我国最重要的自然保护地类型之一,应实行严格的生态保护和管理。卢旺达国家公园经过多年发展,已经形成相对完善的管理机制,总结分析其管理经验对未来一段时期我国发展国家公园有一定借鉴意义。文中基于社会—生态系统(SES)框架,从外部的社会经济政治环境和内部的资源系统、治理系统等多方面对卢旺达国家公园管理绩效进行评估,并在分析其投资活动、社会绩效和生态绩效等成功经验的基础上,提出对我国发展国家公园的政策启示,包括加快国家公园立法进程、理顺管理机制、完善生态系统保护制度、创新资金投入机制和打造品牌项目等。In 2021,the Chinese government announced the official establishment of the first batch of national parks,marking the implementation of a major institutional innovation in the field of ecological civilization in China and also marking the transition from piloting to construction of national parks.National parks are among the most important types of natural protected areas in China,which should be put under strict ecological protection and management.After years of development,Rwanda National Park has formed a relatively sound management regime,and summarizing and analyzing its experience would provide certain reference for the future development of national parks in China.Based on the socio-ecological system(SES)framework,this paper evaluates the management performance of Rwanda National Park from the aspects of the external socio-economic and political environment and internal resource and governance systems,and analyzes its successful experience in investment activities,social performance and ecological performance.Its enlightenment on China s policy development for national park is put forward,including acceleration of national park legislation,establishment of unified management mechanism,improvement of the ecosystem protection system,innovation of capital investment mechanism and brand building.

关 键 词：国家公园 社会—生态系统 管理绩效 卢旺达 

分 类 号：S759.91[农业科学—森林经理学]