长江中下游地区湖泊沉积物杀生剂污染特征及生态风险  

Pollution characteristics and ecological risks of biocides in the lake sediments of the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River,China

作　　者：夏炎雷 周丽君 吴佳妮 黄争 赵建亮 应光国 吴庆龙[1,3,4] Xia Yanlei;Zhou Lijun;Wu Jiani;Huang Zheng;Zhao Jianliang;Ying Guangguo;Wu Qinglong(State Key Laboratory of Lake and Environment,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,P.R.China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,P.R.China;Sino-Danish College,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,P.R.China;Sino-Danish Center of Education and Research,Beijing 100049,P.R.China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety,Environmental Research Institute,South China NormalUniversity,Guangzhou 510006,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院大学中丹学院,北京100049 [4]中国-丹麦科研教育中心,北京100049 [5]华南师范大学环境研究院,广东省化学品污染与环境安全重点实验室,广州510006

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2023年第1期203-215,I0008,共14页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金面上项目(BK20211398);中国科学院先导项目(XDA23020603);国家自然科学基金项目(32171629)联合资助。

摘　　要：杀生剂作为抑菌活性成分,广泛应用于药物、个人护理品、食品、农业及其他多种领域中。大量杀生剂会直接或者随污水处理厂出水进入地表水环境中,威胁人体健康和生态安全。本研究通过对长江中下游地区61个湖泊进行调查,共检出11种杀生剂,包括5种杀菌剂、1种防污剂、3种尼泊金酯类防腐剂和2种消毒剂,总浓度达103 ng/g。其中,多菌灵和尼泊金甲酯的检出率大于50%,分别为100%和96.2%。多菌灵和尼泊金甲酯的平均浓度分别为(1.79±2.76)和(11.4±8.19)ng/g,其他杀生剂的平均浓度均低于1.0 ng/g。与国外许多河流湖泊相比,长江中下游地区湖泊沉积物中杀生剂污染处于中等偏低水平,总杀生剂浓度的平均值为(16.7±14.5)ng/g。氟康唑、咪康唑、三氯生和三氯卡班可能主要来自生活污水,多菌灵和涕必灵主要来自面源污染。尼泊金酯类防腐剂在沉积物中的分布特征与沉积物总有机碳含量密切相关。采用风险商值法对湖泊沉积物中杀生剂的生态风险进行了评价,发现多菌灵、尼泊金甲酯和三氯卡班在部分采样点具有高风险。有必要重点关注高风险污染物和高风险区域,并采取适当的措施来减少杀生剂对湖泊生态环境的影响,尤其是对饮水水源地的污染。As antibacterial active ingredients,biocides are widely used in medicines,personal care products,food,agriculture,and other sectors.Large amounts of biocides enter aquatic environments directly or via effluents of wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs),which might pose negative effects on ecological environments and human health.In this study,the occurrences,distributions,and ecological risks of 13 biocides in the sediments of 61 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Chnagjiang River were investigated.Eleven biocides,including 5 fungicides,1 antifouling agent,3 parabens,and 2 disinfectants,were detected in these lake sediments,with total concentration levels up to 103 ng/g dry weight(dw).The detection frequencies of carbendazim and methylparaben were both greater than 50%,which were 100%and 96.2%,respectively.The mean concentrations of carbendazim and methylparaben were(1.79±2.76)and(11.4±8.19)ng/g,respectively,while the mean concentrations of other compounds were lower than 1.0 ng/g.Compared with other rivers and lakes abroad,the pollution of biocides in area of this study would be ranked at low-medium levels,with the mean value of total biocide concentration of(16.7±14.5)ng/g.Domestic sewage might be the main source for fluconazole,clotrimazole,triclosan and triclocarban,while carbendazim and thiabendazole might come from non-point sources.The distributions of parabens in the lake sediments were significantly related with total organic carbon of the sediments.The ecological risk assessment of biocides in the lake sediments were performed by using risk quotient.Carbendazim,methylparaben and triclocarban showed high ecological risks at some sampling sites.To reduce the adverse effects of biocides on aquatic organisms and human health,it is necessary to take proper measures to control the pollution of biocides in the lake environments,especially at the source area of drinking water.

关 键 词：杀生剂 湖泊 沉积物 污染特征 生态风险 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]