金沙江下游梯级水库对水温及鱼类适宜产卵时间的影响  

Impacts of the cascade reservoirs of Jinshajiang River on water temperature and fish spawning time

作　　者：郝好鑫 杨霞 杨梦斐[1] 王俊洲 潘婷婷 李志军[1] Hao Haoxin;Yang Xia;Yang Mengfei;Wang Junzhou;Pan Tingting;Li Zhijun(Changjiang Water Resources Protection Institute,Wuhan 430051,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Regulation of Non-point Source Pollution in Lake and Reservoir Water Sources,Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan 430051,P.R.China;China Three Gorges Corporation,Wuhan 430010,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]长江水资源保护科学研究所,武汉430051 [2]长江水利委员会湖库水源地面源污染生态调控重点实验室,武汉430051 [3]中国长江三峡集团有限公司,武汉430010

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2023年第1期247-256,I0009,共11页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：中国长江三峡集团有限公司科研项目(SXSN/4596)资助。

摘　　要：水温是重要的水文指标。气候变化和人类活动加剧背景下,水温变化已成为威胁全球水生态系统的重要因素。长江上游开发了世界上规模最大的梯级水库群,然而目前关于梯级水库和气候变化对下游水温及水生态的耦合影响仍不清楚。本文基于长江宜宾重庆段长序列水温和气象资料,解析了气象因子和金沙江梯级水库对下游水温的影响,评估了长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区重要鱼类适宜产卵时间对水温变化的响应,结果表明:研究河段近30年年平均水温显著增高,增幅约为0.5~1.1℃;向家坝溪洛渡水库蓄水后向家坝站、朱沱站和寸滩站年水温过程平均滞后约36、13和7 d,蓄水后下游河段春季“滞冷”效应明显,秋冬季“滞热”效应明显,各水文站旬平均水温最大增加和降低幅度分别为1.8~3.7℃和1.3~3.6℃,“滞热”程度大于“滞冷”程度;年内不同月份水温变化主要由梯级水库蓄水引起,年际间平均水温变化主要由气候变化引起;蓄水后向家坝站附近水温达到重要鱼类适宜产卵水温时间延迟了30~40 d,蓄水对达到重要鱼类适宜产卵水温的时间延迟程度为:黑尾近红鲌>长薄鳅、圆口铜鱼、岩原鲤>中华金沙鳅>长江鲟>胭脂鱼,且不同鱼类间生态位的重叠程度增加。研究结果可为减缓水电开发对水生生态的影响提供基础支撑。Water temperature has been recognized as one of the important hydrological indicators.However,changes in water temperature are going to threaten the sustainability of aquatic ecosystems owing to the climate change and the increased anthropogenic activities.While some of the world s largest cascade reservoirs have been developed in the upper reaches of the Changjiang River,it remains unclear about the combined effects of these reservoirs and climate changes on the water temperature and aquatic ecosystems.In this study,long-term water temperature and meteorological data(1989-2019)from Yibin-Chongqing segment of the Changjiang River were used to investigate the impacts of meteorological factors and Jinshajiang River cascade reservoirs on downstream water temperature,as well as to reveal the responses of fish spawning time to the water temperature changes in the National Nature Reserve for the Rare and Endemic Fishes located in the upper reaches of the Changjiang River.The major results of this study are:The average annual water temperatures in the study areas increased significantly over the last 30 years,with an increase of 0.5-1.1℃;After the impoundment of Xiangjiaba-Xiluodu cascade reservoir,the annual water temperature processes were delayed about 36,13 and 7 days at three stations along the reservoir,respectively.The“cooling effect”and“warming effect”in the lower reaches were significant in spring and autumn-winter due to the impoundment of the cascade reservoirs,with the maximum increased and decreased ten-day mean water temperature of 1.8-3.7℃and 1.3-3.6℃,respectively.Therefore,the“warming effect”was greater than the“cooling effect”;The annual variations of water temperatures were mainly caused by the cascade reservoirs and the inter-annual variations were mainly caused by climate changes,which clearly showed an increasing trend;The time to reach the optimum spawning water temperature for important fish nearby the Xiangjiaba Hydrometric Station was delayed by 30-40 days after the reservo

关 键 词：长江上游 梯级水库 气候变化 水温 产卵时间 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]