反光膜对舍内温热环境及青年奶牛血液生化指标的影响  

Effects of reflective film on the thermal environment in shed and blood biochemical parameter of growing dairy cows

作　　者：赵俐辰 赵心念 冯曼 宋连杰 王亚男 李永亮 郭建军 高玉红[1] Zhao Lichen;Zhao Xinnian;Feng Man;Song Lianjie;Wang Yanan;Li Yongliang;Guo Jianjun;Gao Yuhong(College of Animal Science and Technology,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Animal Husbandry Research Institute,Chengde Academy of Agriculture and Forestry,Chengde 067000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学动物科技学院,保定071001 [2]承德市农林科学院畜牧研究所,承德067000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2022年第17期214-223,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：河北省现代农业产业技术体系奶牛创新团队建设项目(HBCT2018120202);河北省奶业振兴重大技术创新专项项目(19226632D)。

摘　　要：针对夏季单彩钢屋顶结构的奶牛棚舍隔热性能差、舍温高的生产难题,该研究对单彩钢屋顶进行改造,彩钢板外侧铺设反光膜(铺膜舍),未铺设反光膜的相同结构牛舍作为对照舍,每栋舍饲养90头青年奶牛。测定7-8月和9-10月份牛舍温热环境、舍中青年奶牛的生理指标、血液生化指标及生产性能,通过对比分析铺膜舍与对照舍各指标评价铺膜缓解牛热应激的效果。结果表明:1)7—8月份和9—10月份中午时段铺膜舍屋顶内表面温度较对照舍分别降低10.48℃和8.16℃(P<0.01),且舍温在7—8月份的09:30-13:30降低0.87~1.04℃(P<0.05);2)7-8月份铺膜舍青年奶牛的呼吸频率较对照舍降低12.51%(P<0.01),且10:00-14:00躺卧比例增加7.90%~18.77%(P<0.05),而9-10月份两栋舍未表现出显著性差异(P>0.05)。产犊后铺膜舍的产奶量较对照舍表现出增加趋势,且乳蛋白率提高4.85%(P<0.05);3)7-8月份铺膜舍青年牛的血清超氧化物歧化酶和总抗氧化能力水平较对照舍分别提高5.71%和10.47%(P<0.05),血清白细胞介素4及其m RNA水平分别提高24.78%和25.43%(P<0.01),且血清热应激蛋白HSP60和HSP70含量两栋舍之间也表现出显著性差异(P<0.05),铺膜舍较对照舍分别降低14.06%和15.87%,且HSP70 mRNA表达量也表现出显著性降低(P<0.05)。综上,单彩钢屋顶进行铺膜改造后,能显著降低牛舍温度(7-8月份),有效缓解青年奶牛的热应激,提高青年奶牛产犊后的泌乳性能。Dairy cows are suffering from serious heat stress in the shed with a single-color steel roof.In this study,a reflective film was pasted over the floor for better thermal insulation from the roof at ambient temperature.Two cowsheds were simulated with a similar building structure,one of which was reformed by pasting a reflective film over a single-color steel roof(film shed),and another of which was not reformed as a control(control shed).90 growing dairy cows were raised in each shed.The measurement was performed on the inner surface temperature of the enclosure structure in the cowsheds and the indoor temperature.Moreover,the physiological parameters,antioxidant,immune properties,and production performance of cows were utilized to evaluate the effects of a single-color steel roof covered with the reflective film on the heat stress of cows in the hot season(from July to August)and non-hot season(from September to October).The results were as follows.1)The inner surface temperature of the roof in the film shed decreased by 10.48℃for the noon period from 12:00 to 13:00,compared with the control shed(P<0.01),whereas,the indoor ambient temperature decreased by 0.87 to 1.04℃(P<0.05)for the phase from 09:30 to 13:30,during the hot season from July to August.The surface temperature of the roof in the film shed decreased by 8.16℃for the noon phase,compared with the control shed(P<0.01)during the non-hot season from September to October.Besides,the duration of cows under moderate heat stress was 2.08%less in the film shed than that in the control shed every day during the period from July to August.By contrast,there was no heat stress in the two experimental sheds during September and October.2)The respiratory rate of cows in the film shed was 58.33 times per minute,which was 12.51%lower than that in the control shed(P<0.01);the lying ratio of cows from 10:00 to 14:00 increased by 7.90%to 18.77%(P<0.05)during the period from July to August.After the growing dairy cows calved,the film shed demonstrated an increase of

关 键 词：温度 奶牛 湿度 奶牛舍 抗氧化性能 免疫性能 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]