“人-地-产”关联视角下乡村绅士化的影响效应  

Impact of rural gentrification from the perspective of population-land-industry integration

作　　者：程研 齐元静[1,2] 于露 王锦宇 刘羽鸽 Cheng Yan;Qi Yuanjing;Yu Lu;Wang Jinyu;Liu Yuge(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学水土保持国家林草局重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2022年第17期284-293,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(20YJA630051)。

摘　　要：在快速城镇化背景下,乡村绅士化现象已成为中国大都市外围乡村地区的普遍现象,探究乡村绅士化的影响效应对乡村振兴具有重要意义。该研究选取北京小堡村作为典型研究案例,在对不同时期小堡村历史高分影像进行遥感解译的基础上,运用信息熵、土地利用综合程度等指标,结合实地调研与深度访谈,从“人-地-产”关联视角深入探讨了乡村绅士化过程对大都市外围地区乡村演化的影响。研究发现:1)在经济重构上,农业和工业向以文创产业为主导的服务业转型,村民收入出现明显分化;在空间重构上,耕地与工业用地向服务业用地转换,文创产业用地占比达到29.61%,传统居住用地功能复合化,乡村人居环境改善;在社会重构上,小堡村形成新旧绅士群体为主、村民为辅的复杂化社会网络和以城市、艺术文化为表征的新文化空间;2)小堡村乡村绅士化过程经历了自发发展(1990—2003年)、政府引导(2004—2010年)、市场推动(2011—2014年)和转型调整(2015年至今)4个阶段。从“人-地-产”关联角度看,小堡村演化呈现“人-地-产弱关联,要素内单一均质”到“人-地-产弱联结,要素内多元分化”到“人-地-产强交互,要素内多元割裂”再到“人-地-产强耦合,要素内复杂融合”的转变,推动了乡村由“以生产生活功能为主的传统均质空间”-“以传统业态生产功能为主的乡村分化空间”-“以新型业态生产功能为主的的半城半乡”-“生产生活消费功能复合化的新型乡村空间”的四阶段演化,带动了小堡村的转型发展。以上发现有助于丰富中国特色乡村绅士化的理论认知,并为大都市外围地区乡村振兴提供科学依据。Rural gentrification has been a common phenomenon in most metropolis peripheral rural areas against the rapid urbanization in China.The impact of rural gentrification is also of great significance for rural revitalization.In this study,Shannon Entropy Values and comprehensive index of land use were calculated using four phases of high-resolution remote sensing images in the year 2004,2010,2015,and 2021.Taking the Xiaobao Village in Beijing China as a case study,the data was collected from questionnaires and semi-structured interviews.The impact of rural gentrification on the rural areas in the metropolitan periphery was explored from the perspective of population-land-industry integration.The results were as follows.1)There were three influences of rural gentrification on the study area,including economic,spatial,and social restructuring.In the economic restructuring,the agriculture and traditional industry were gradually replaced by the service sectors.Specifically,the cultural and creative industries were dominant ones during this time,while the education and training,commerce,and catering industries were important complements.The housing rent,land revenue,and employment in the service sectors replaced the traditional means of livelihood and channeled new sources of income.Meantime,three income ranges emerged to widen the income gap between villagers.In the spatial restructuring,the area percentage of land for the cultural and creative industry raised from 10.89%in 2010 to 29.61%in 2021,whereas,the area percentage of industrial land dropped from 41.11%to 19.30%in the same period.The residential land was shifted into the mixed land with the integrated functions of production and living,as the cultivated land and industrial land were transformed into the service industry land.The rural settlement environment was considerably improved,particularly with the increase and expansion of green land.In the social restructuring,there was a complex social network with the old and new gentrifiers,as the first large group an

关 键 词：乡村 土地利用 乡村振兴 绅士化 乡村重构 影响效应 演化模式 

分 类 号：K901.8[历史地理—人文地理学]