清末度量衡标准之争管窥  

The Controversy of the Standard of Weights and Measures in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：杨泽嵩 关增建[2] YANG Ze-song;GUAN Zeng-jian(School of Marxism,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240;School of Humanities,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学马克思主义学院,上海200240 [2]上海交通大学人文学院,上海200240

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2022年第10期93-99,共7页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国计量史”(15ZDB030)。

摘　　要：清末度量衡标准的确立,是中国近代计量单位制统一的开端。清末,有望成为中国法定度量衡标准的有营造尺库平制、公制与英制。营造尺库平制有着“中制”“祖制”与“旧制”的三重属性,得到了清廷决策层与美日两国政府的支持。公制“速进派”主张一步到位地确立公制在中国的法定标准地位,以国际计量局为代表的公制“渐进派”则主张采用新旧折中并用的过渡方案来逐步推广公制。主张英制者开展了一系列行动,针锋相对地阻击公制,其动机是维护英制在华特殊地位。尽管清政府最终选择以旧制作为法定标准,但公制与英制在华的实际地位亦未被削弱。透过清末度量衡标准之争,可以窥见近现代中国的制度统一之路。The uniformity of weights and measures is a great event in modern China.The determination of weights and measures standards in the late Qing Dynasty is the beginning of the uniformity of China’s modern measurement system.In the reform of weights and measures in the late Qing Dynasty,it is expected to become legal standards,including the construction of the old system,metric system(including the transition scheme of metric system)and English system.The Chinese traditional system has three attributes:“Chinese system”,“ancestor system”,and“custom system”,which is supported by the decision-making level of Chinese government and the governments of America and Japan.Those who advocate metric system can be divided into two groups:“fast-moving group”and“gradual-moving group”.The“fast-moving group”advocates quickly determining the status of metric system as the only legal standard in China,while the“gradual-moving group”thinks that it should adopt the transitional scheme to gradually popularize the metric system.The advocates of English system regard metric system as their biggest competitor,launched a series of actions,relying on their special status in China.Finally,the Qing government took the“custom system”as the legal standard of measurement,but the actual status of metric system and English system in China had not been weakened.The influence of this controversy remains alive today.

关 键 词：计量标准之争 制度统一 旧制 公制 英制 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]