气象要素变化对城市空气质量影响的评估方法与应用——以PM_(2.5)为例  

Evaluation method and application in influences of meteorological element on urban air quality:taking PM_(2.5) as an example

作　　者：赵妤希[1] 任家豪 陈义珍[1] 张新民[1] 张凯[1] 杨欣[1] 何友江[1] ZHAO Yu-xi;REN Jia-hao;CHEN Yi-zhen;ZHANG Xin-min;ZHANG Kai;YANG Xin;HE You-jiang(Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2022年第12期5610-5616,共7页China Environmental Science

基　　金：大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目(DQGG0304)。

摘　　要：从城市尺度空气质量模型和平流扩散理论出发,通过对气象要素归类,利用空气质量与各类气象条件对应排放源强表征量的关联,建立了气象要素变化对城市空气质量影响的评估方法.该方法考虑了包括风(风速和风向)、云量、太阳辐射强度、大气稳定度、混合层高度等基本气象要素,能定量有效评估长期气象要素变化对空气质量的改善幅度.该方法在河南省鹤壁市的应用表明,相对2020年,2021年PM_(2.5)浓度下降7.2μg/m^(3),气象要素变化和人为减排分别下降0.4和6.8μg/m^(3),占改善浓度的5.6%和94.4%,人努力起到主导作用;从季度来看,大气污染防治工作使夏、秋、冬季PM_(2.5)浓度均有所降低,其中冬季下降27.8μg/m^(3),减排措施贡献16.8μg/m^(3),人努力效果尤为显著.Based on the urban scale air quality model and the advection diffusion theory,this research classified the meteorological elements,then studied the correlation between the air quality and the emission source intensity corresponding to various meteorological conditions,and finally established an assessment method of the impact of meteorological element changes on urban air quality.The method considered the basic meteorological elements including wind(wind speed and direction),cloud cover,solar radiation intensity,atmospheric stability,mixing layer height and so on.The method can evaluate the improvement of air quality caused by long-term meteorological changes quantitatively and effectively.A case study was carried out for Hebi in which the PM_(2.5) concentration decreased by 7.2μg/m^(3) in 2021 compared with that in 2020.The calculation result showed that the change of meteorological elements and emission reduction were decreased by 0.4μg/m^(3) and 6.8μg/m^(3) which accounted for 5.6%and 94.4%,respectively.The results indicated a leading role of the human efforts on the improvement of the air quality.At the same time,the calculation results showed that concentration of PM_(2.5) decreased in all of summer,autumn and winter due to the effective prevention and control of air pollution.The most significant effect of human efforts was found in winter.The concentration of PM_(2.5) decreased by 27.8μg/m^(3) in winter and the contribution of human efforts was 16.8μg/m^(3).

关 键 词：排放源强表征量 气象要素变化 空气质量 评估方法 鹤壁市 PM_(2.5) 

分 类 号：X823[环境科学与工程—环境工程]