论两种必要劳动时间与市场价值决定和实现  

Discussion on Determination and Realization of Two Kinds of Necessarv Labor Time and Market Value

作　　者：杨建飞[1] 魏传帅 Yang Jianfei;Wei Chuanshun

机构地区：[1]西北大学经济管理学院,西安710127

出　　处：《当代经济研究》2022年第12期24-39,F0003,共17页Contemporary Economic Research

摘　　要：马克思两种社会必要劳动时间与市场价值决定的问题具有深刻的理论和现实意义。批判性借鉴新古典经济学的生产和消费决策理论,建立以价值为基础的供求模型可知:时间Ⅱ根据商品的使用价值从需求侧规定不同消费量的期望劳动量;时间1在生产过程中规定不同实际劳动投入量创造的平均价值;在非均衡和短期均衡中,生产的实际劳动投入量与期望劳动投入量不同,平均价值不等于社会价值。通过蛛网模型探究供求双方在价格机制的引导下走向均衡的过程和利用部门间资本家的竞争说明短期均衡向长期均衡的演化过程后可知:长期均衡状态下,时间Ⅱ规定的期望劳动投入量与实际劳动投入量一致,该劳动量下时间I规定的平均价值与社会价值相等,市场价值得以实现。The issues of Marxist determination of two kinds of necessary labor time and market value is of profound theoretical and practical significance.It can be learned from critically drawing on the theory of production and consumption decisions of neoclassical economics and building a supply-demand model based on value that:time Il specifies the expected amount of labor for different consumption amount from the demand side according to the use value of commodities;time I specifies the average value created by different actual labor inputs in the production process;and the actual labor inputs for production are different from the expected labor inputs under disequilibrium and short-term equilibrium,and average value is not equal to social value.After exploring the process of supply and demand sides moving towards equilibrium under the guidance of the price mechanism through the spider web model and using inter-sectoral capitalist competition to illustrate the evolution from short-term equilibrium to long-term equilibrium,we can see that,under long-term equilibrium,the expected labor input quantity specified by time Il is the same as the actual labor input quantity,and the average value specified by time I under this labor quantity is equal to the social value,so thatthe market value is realized.

关 键 词：两种社会必要劳动时间 供求机制 市场价值 均衡与非均衡 生产与消费决策 

分 类 号：F031.3[经济管理—政治经济学]