也谈三星堆遗址的“祭祀遗存”  

A Re-discussion of the Sacrificial Remains at Sanxingdui Site

作　　者：于孟洲[1] 李潇檬 Yu Mengzhou;Li Xiaomeng

机构地区：[1]四川大学考古文博学院 [2]中国社会科学院考古研究所

出　　处：《四川文物》2022年第6期98-110,共13页Sichuan Cultural Relics

基　　金：国家社科基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项(项目编号:21@WTK006)。

摘　　要：学界围绕三星堆器物坑引发的讨论始终未能统一意见,近期披露的有关三星堆祭祀区的新发现为讨论提供了更多物证。三星堆祭祀区范围内的地层堆积较其他居址区似乎显得更为简单,反映出严格的规划意识,也经历了一定的发展过程。三星堆器物坑所在区域似乎较为独立,但应该和周邻的建筑、灰沟等遗存有密切关联。分析仓包包和高骈公社两处地点的器物坑及青关山台地H105的埋藏特点,发现它们与三星堆器物坑有同有异。仓包包和高骈两坑年代早于三星堆器物坑,其部分特点被后者继承下来,而它们之间存在的明显不同之处,是由于年代、规模和目的不同等原因导致的。从宝墩文化至三星堆文化,宗教祭祀特点有了较大改变。三星堆文化存在多样化的祭祀遗存,其祭祀传统是宝墩文化以来文化与社会长期发展的结果。Discussions on the artifact pits at Sanxingdui have never reached an agreement;however, the recent discoveries from the sacrificial zone at Sanxingdui provide more evidence for the discussions. The stratigraphy in the sacrificial zone of Sanxingdui was simpler than those in residential areas, reflecting that the construction of the sacrificial zone had been carefully planned and developed. The Sanxingdui sacrificial zone appears to be independent, but it was closely related to the adjacent buildings and ash trenches. This article analyzes the artifact pits at the Cangbaobao and Gaopian locations, as well as the ash pit H105 at the Qingguanshan platform, and found both similarities and differences among them and the Sanxingdui sacrificial pits. As the age of H105 was close to Sanxingdui sacrificial pits, their differences were probably due to the goals of sacrifices.However, they both contain several high-value objects, only in different numbers. The Cangbaobao and Gaopian pits were earlier than Sangxingdui artifact pits, and some of their characteristics were inherited by the latter, such as rectangular pits, the use of high-value objects rather than ceramics,and burning some of the objects before burying. The obvious differences between the Cangbaobao and Gaopian pits and Sanxingdui artifact pits were caused by their ages, scales and goals. From the Baodun Culture to Sanxingdui Culture, the sacrificial activities changed greatly. The existence of diverse sacrificial remains in the Sanxingdui Culture was the result of cultural and social developments since Baodun Culture.

关 键 词：三星堆遗址 器物坑 祭祀遗存 祭祀传统 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]