海事管理机构强制清污费用索赔主体分析  

On the Claimant of Compulsory Oil Pollution Removal Expenses of Maritime Administration Agencies

作　　者：冀文颖 廖星衡 JI Wen-ying;LIAO Xing-heng(Chinese Ship-source Oil Pollution Compensation Settlement Center,Shanghai 200082,China;School of Law,Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]中国船舶油污损害理赔事务中心,上海200082 [2]上海海事大学法学院,上海201306

出　　处：《集美大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第6期43-50,共8页Journal of Jimei University：Philosophy and Social Sciences

摘　　要：我国司法实务中,对于船舶油污事故后海事管理机构实施强制清污所产生费用的索赔主体认定存在3种观点:强制清污费用赔偿纠纷为民事法律纠纷,可由做出指令或者委托的海事管理机构或者地方政府部门索赔;强制清污费用赔偿纠纷为民事法律纠纷,可由清污单位索赔;强制清污费用赔偿纠纷不属于民事纠纷,属于行政代履行,污染责任方和清污单位之间不存在民事法律关系,清污单位不可作为索赔主体。认定船舶油污事故后海事管理机构实施强制清污所产生费用的索赔主体,关键是要厘清强制清污法律关系的性质,不同性质的法律关系下相关主体作为索赔主体参与诉讼存在利与弊。要从立法和执法两方面来解决海事管理机构强制清污费用索赔主体的分歧。In China s judicial practice,there are three views on the identification of the subjects of claims for the expenses incurred by the maritime administrative agency in the enforcement of compulsory clean-up measures after the oil spill incidents.The first view takes it as a civil legal dispute,which can be claimed by the maritime administrative agency or local government department that made the order or entrusted it.The second view believes that it is a civil legal dispute,which can be claimed by the clean-up companies.The third view takes it as an administrative performance on behalf of the party concerned,not a civil dispute,and thus is convinced that there is no civil legal relationship between the pollution responsible subjects and clean-up companies,and the clean-up companies shall not be the claimant.To identify the subjects of claims for the expenses,the key is to clarify the nature of the legal relationship of compulsory clean-up measures.There are advantages and disadvantages for relevant parties to participate in the litigation as the claimant under the different legal relationship.The disagreements between the subjects of claims for compulsory clean-up expenses of maritime administrative agencies should be resolved by legislation and law enforcement.

关 键 词：海事管理机构 强制清污 强制清污费用 索赔主体 

分 类 号：D996.9[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]