高山草甸生物量及多样性的阴阳坡差异  

Variation of biomass and biodiversity of alpine meadows between sunny slopes and shady slopes

作　　者：陈文年[1] CHEN Wen-nian(Faculty of Life Science,Neijiang Normal University,Neijiang 641112,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]内江师范学院生命科学学院,四川内江641112

出　　处：《西北师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第5期83-90,共8页Journal of Northwest Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：四川省科技支撑计划项目(2014JY0130,2015JY0242);四川省教育厅创新团队项目(14TD0025);内江师范学院科研创新团队项目(2020TD02)。

摘　　要：在青藏高原东部卡卡山阴坡和阳坡的高山草甸中分别设置样地,对阴坡和阳坡的生态因子、草甸的生物量及物种多样性进行了测量和比较.所测生态因子中,阴坡和阳坡的融雪时间、土壤含水量和日间气温差异显著,而夜间低温和土壤pH无明显差异.阳坡的地上生物量比阴坡少24.39%,阳坡地上生物量中分布在地面上0~10 cm的占比为88%,比阴坡分布在同样高度范围内的地上生物量占比多12%;阳坡的地下生物量比阴坡多93.65%,同时阳坡的地下根系相对分布于土壤的更深层.就总生物量而言,阳坡比阴坡多86.33%.物种多样性指数中,物种丰富度,阳坡比阴坡高25.87%;Simpson指数,阳坡比阴坡高48.61%;Shannon-Wiener指数,阳坡比阴坡高32.96%.结果表明,阳坡的物种多样性显著高于阴坡.总的看来,阴坡和阳坡对地上地下生物量的多少、生物量空间分布格局以及物种多样性大小都有显著影响.Two plots are set up in Mount Kaka in the eastern Tibetan Plateau.One plot was on the sunny slope,and the other on the shady slope of the Mount.The ecological factors,biomass,and diversity of alpine meadows were measured and compared between the two slopes of Mount Kaka.Among all measured factors,snowmelt time,air temperature in the daytime and soil water content are significantly different between the sunny slope and the shady slope.In contrast,air temperature at night and soil pH are not evidently different between the two slopes.Above ground biomass of the sunny slope is 24.39%less than that of the shady slope.On the sunny slope,biomass distributed within 0 to 10 cm above ground accounted for 88%of total aboveground biomass,which is 12%more than that of the shady slope.Belowground biomass of the sunny slope is 93.65%more than that of the shady slope,and the roots of the sunny slope are relatively distributed in deeper soil than that of the shady slope.As far as total biomass is concerned,the total biomass of the sunny slope is 86.33%more than that of the shady slope.As to species diversity indexes,species richness of the sunny slope is 25.87%bigger than that of the shady slope,Simpson index of the sunny slope is 48.61%bigger than that of the shady slope,and Shannon-Wiener index of the sunny slope is 32.96%bigger than that of the shady slope.The species diversity of the sunny slope was more significantly than that of the shady slope.In general,different slopes significantly affect aboveground and belowground biomass,spacious pattern of biomass,and the species diversity.

关 键 词：地上生物量 地下生物量 物种多样性 冻融交替 融雪时间 

分 类 号：Q948.15[生物学—植物学]