增强型地热系统储层堵塞机理及解堵技术进展  

Plugging mechanism and plugging removal technologies for enhanced geothermal system reservoirs

作　　者：冯波 柯尊嵩 刘彦广 上官拴通 李翔 崔振鹏 FENG Bo;KE Zunsong;LIU Yanguang;SHANGGUAN Shuantong;LI Xiang;CUI Zhenpeng(College of New Energy and Environment,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin 130021,China;Technology Innovation Center ofGeothermal&Hot Dry Rock Exploration and Development,Ministry of Natural Resources,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050061,China;No.2 Geological Team of Hebei Coalfield Geology Bureau,Xingtai,Hebei 054001,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学新能源与环境学院 [2]自然资源部地热与干热岩勘查开发技术创新中心 [3]河北省煤田地质局第二地质队

出　　处：《天然气工业》2022年第12期165-183,共19页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“干热岩储层建造与地热能可持续开发研究”(编号:2018YFE0111300);河北省省级科技计划资助项目“地热资源分布式高效利用关键技术研究与梯级利用示范”(编号:20374201D);中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所基本科研业务费项目“高温高压下碳酸盐岩溶蚀过程”(编号:SK202104);吉林省科技厅重点研发项目“东北寒区深部地热资源供暖利用示范研究”(编号:20200403147SF);干热岩热能单井取热技术及地面综合热利用技术研究与应用示范(编号:19274102D)。

摘　　要：为了延长增强型地热系统的使用寿命,实现地热能高效可持续开发,需要研究储层堵塞物的类型、来源及堵塞机理,并分析现有解堵液体系的解堵原理和特点。为此,系统总结了国内外典型增强型地热系统储层的堵塞机理和解堵技术研究的最新进展,对比分析了不同解堵技术的适用条件及优缺点,梳理了增强型地热系统应用解堵技术的工程经验。研究结果表明:①矿物颗粒脱落运移堵塞(物理堵塞)和次生矿物堵塞(化学堵塞)是人工裂隙堵塞物的主要类型,这些堵塞物可以通过物理、化学或物理—化学混合解堵技术解除;②化学解堵技术比物理解堵技术解堵效果更加理想,新型酸液体系的缓释性和转向性研究将是未来酸性解堵液开发的主要方向;③混合解堵技术结合了物理和化学解堵技术的优点,在全球应用最为广泛,新型脉冲技术和高效解堵液的研发将对混合解堵技术的发展产生重要影响。结论认为,基于高效酸性解堵液研发的混合解堵模式将成为解决增强型地热系统储层堵塞最具发展潜力的解堵关键技术,该技术可为未来中国干热岩储层维护和深部地热能持续开发提供有力支撑。In order to prolong the service life of the enhanced geothermal system(EGS)and realize the efficient and sustainable development of geothermal energy,it is necessary to understand the type,source and plugging mechanism of reservoir plugging materials,and analyze the principle and characteristics of the existing plugging removal fluid system.This paper reviews the latest progress in the researches on plugging mechanism and plugging removal technologies for typical EGS reservoirs in China and abroad,compares the application conditions,advantages and disadvantages of different plugging removal technologies,and presents the engineering experience in the application of plugging removal technology in EGS.The results show that mineral particle shedding migration plugging(physical plugging)and secondary mineral plugging(chemical plugging)are the main types of artificial fracture plugging,which can be removed by physical,chemical or hybrid technology.The chemical plugging removal technology is more effective than the physical plugging removal technology.The research on the slow release and steering of the new acid system will be the main direction for developing acid plugging removal fluid.The hybrid plug removal technology combines the advantages of physical and chemical plug removal technologies and is most widely used in the world.The development of new pulse technology and efficient plug removal fluid will be meaningful for the development of hybrid plug removal technology.It is concluded that the hybrid plugging removal technology based on efficient acid plugging removal fluid will be the most promising option for EGS reservoirs,and it can provide a great support to the maintenance of dry hot rock reservoirs and the sustainable development of deep geothermal energy in China in the future.

关 键 词：干热岩 增强地热系统 酸液解堵体系 堵塞机理 混合解堵技术 裂隙维护 次生矿物 裂隙堵塞物 

分 类 号：P314[天文地球—固体地球物理学]