煤矿塌陷区中心位置地表土壤水分空间异质性及其影响因素分析  

Spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture content and its influencing factors in the center of coal mining subsidence area

作　　者：陈小洋 李力 CHEN Xiaoyang;LI Li(Southeast Sichuan Geological Team of Chongqing Bureau of Geology and Minerals Exploration,Chongqing 400030,China;College of Environment and Civil Engineering,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市地勘局川东南地质大队,重庆400030 [2]成都理工大学环境与土木工程学院,四川成都610059

出　　处：《矿业安全与环保》2022年第6期123-129,共7页Mining Safety & Environmental Protection

摘　　要：以我国典型煤矿开采区为例,分析研究了煤矿开采前后开采区中心位置地表土壤体积含水量的变化规律及其主导因素。研究结果表明,开采前地表土壤体积含水量的空间分布主要受高程变化的控制,开采后采煤塌陷区地表土壤体积含水量呈现“两边低,中间高”的特征,煤层开采破坏了地表土壤水分的空间分布特征。在较大范围内(900 m),相比开采前,采煤塌陷区中心位置在开采后表层土壤体积含水量、总孔隙率和黏粒质量分数分别增大0.034 cm^(3)/cm^(3)、7.5%和0.14%,而土壤有机质质量分数、土壤容重和土壤密度分别降低0.05%、0.08 g/cm^(3)和0.24 g/cm^(3),开采后土壤体积含水量与总孔隙率的相关系数最大,为0.751(P<0.01),相比开采前显著增高。在小范围内(50 m×50 m),开采后表层土壤体积含水量和总孔隙率分别增大0.014 cm^(3)/cm^(3)、2.9%,而土壤有机质质量分数、黏粒质量分数、土壤容重和土壤密度分别降低0.42%、0.18%、0.23 g/cm^(3)和0.21 g/cm^(3),植被密度与土壤体积含水量的相关系数最大,为0.70(P<0.01)。分析结果表明,采煤塌陷区不同范围内土壤水分变化主控因素不同,该结果能够为采煤塌陷区复垦提供科学依据。Taking typical coal mining area in China as an example,the paper analyzes the changing rule of surface soil moisture content and its leading factor in the central location of coal mining area before and after mining.The research results show that the spatial distribution of surface soil moisture content before mining is mainly controlled by the change of elevation.After mining,the surface soil moisture content in the coal mining subsidence area presents the characteristics of“low on both sides and high in the middle”.The coal seam mining destroys the spatial distribution characteristics of surface soil moisture.In a larger rang(900 m),compared with before mining,the surface soil moisture content,total porosity and clay mass fraction in the center of coal mining subsidence area increased by 0.034 cm^(3)/cm^(3),7.5%and 0.14%,respectively,while the mass fraction of soil organic matter,soil bulk weight and soil density decreased by 0.05%,0.08 g/cm^(3)and 0.24 g/cm^(3)respectively.The correlation coefficient between soil moisture content and total porosity was the highest at 0.751(P<0.01),which was significantly higher than that before mining.In a small rang(50 m×50 m),the surface soil moisture content and total porosity increased by 0.014 cm^(3)/cm^(3)and 2.9%respectively,while the mass fraction of soil organic matter,clay mass fraction,soil unit weight and soil density decreased by 0.42%,0.18%,0.23 g/cm^(3)and 0.21 g/cm^(3)respectively,the correlation coefficient between vegetation coverage and soil moisture content was the largest,which was 0.70(P<0.01).The analysis results indicate that the main controlling factors of soil moisture change in different areas of the coal mining subsidence area are different,and the results can provide a scientific basis for the reclamation of the coal mining subsidence area.

关 键 词：采煤塌陷区 土壤体积含水量 土壤理化性质 空间异质性 植被 

分 类 号：TD167[矿业工程—矿山地质测量] S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]