新疆黄山-镜儿泉铜镍硫化物成矿带岩浆通道成矿特征及其找矿意义  

Ore-forming processes in magma plumbing systems and significances for prospecting of Huangshan-Jingerquan Ni-Cu sulfide metallogenetic belt,Xinjiang,NW China

作　　者：宋谢炎[1] 邓宇峰[2] 颉炜 郑文勤[1] SONG XieYan;DENG YuFeng;XIE Wei;ZHENG WenQin(State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry,Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550081,Guizhou,China;School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,Anhui,China;College of Oceanography,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球化学研究所矿床地球化学国家重点实验室,贵州贵阳550081 [2]合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院,安徽合肥230009 [3]河海大学海洋学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《矿床地质》2022年第6期1108-1123,共16页Mineral Deposits

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:41630316、41772067、41473050)资助。

摘　　要：自20世纪80年代以来,中亚造山带南缘的北天山黄山-镜儿泉成矿带先后发现了黄山、黄山东、黄山南、图拉尔根等4处大型铜镍硫化物矿床,香山和葫芦2处中型矿床,以及一系列小型矿床和矿化岩体,使该地区成为世界最重要的造山带型铜镍硫化物成矿带,探明镍金属储量近100万t。近年来,又陆续发现了一些新的矿床和含矿岩体,说明仍然有很好的找矿潜力。中国学者针对这些含矿岩体的年代学、岩石学和矿床成因开展了大量研究,获得了不少重要成果,特别是,最近笔者通过对北天山岛弧系统俯冲-碰撞过程中不同阶段玄武岩浆作用特点和规律的梳理,对铜镍硫化物成矿的时代和构造条件形成了新的、更清晰的认识。然而,目前对该成矿带干墩断裂南北两侧含矿岩体及所含矿体形态、产状、规模显著差异成因意义的系统研究仍然十分薄弱,阻碍了对该成矿带岩浆通道成矿规律的深入理解。文章在上述新的研究成果基础上,对该成矿带铜镍硫化物岩浆通道成矿规律和控制因素进行了系统分析,目的是更好地理解造山带铜镍硫化物成矿规律,并为未来的找矿方向提供依据。文章提出碰撞后早期阶段是成矿的最佳时期,黄山-镜儿泉带的铜镍硫化物成矿作用是碰撞后早期阶段俯冲板片断离、软流圈上涌和强烈部分熔融、以及区域性右行走滑几种地质要素耦合的结果。Since 1980’s,a series of Ni-Cu sulfide deposits have been discovered in the Huangshan-Jingerquan metallogenic belt in the North Tianshan at the southern Margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Blet,including four large deposits(Huangshan,Huangshandong,Huangshannan and Tulaergen),two medium-sized deposits(Xiangshan and Hulu)as well as a series of small deposits and mineralized complexes.These deposits contain Ni metal reserves of~1.0 million tons.The discoveries make the Huangshan-Jingerquan the largest Ni-Cu metallogenic belt worldwide.Some new discoveries along this belt in the last few years indicated a great prospecting potential.There are a lot of significant achieves on studies of metallogeny of the deposits and geochronology and petrology of the hosting mafic-ultramafic complexes along the belt in the past decades.Particularly,based on the studies of basaltic magmatiam in the periods of subduction,collision and post-collision of the North Tianshan arc system,the timing duration and condition for the Ni-Cu sulfide mineralization along the Huangshan-Jingerquan belt have been better constrained.The differences in size,shape and occurrence of the intrusions and hosted ore bodies at the two sides of the Gandun fault have been rarely concerned about.Therefore,the processes of sulfide transportation and deposition along the metallogenetic belt have not been well addressed.We proposed that the early stage of post-collision is the best time for Ni-Cu mineralization.The Cu-Ni sulfide mineralization is the result of the coupling of several geological factors,such as subducted slab break-off,upwelling and intense partial melting of asthenosphere mantle,and regional dextral strike-slip in the early stage of post-collision.

关 键 词：地质学 岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床 俯冲-碰撞过程 岩浆通道系统 找矿潜力 黄山-镜儿泉成矿带 

分 类 号：P618.41[天文地球—矿床学] P618.63[天文地球—地质学] P578.2