双关何以为构式:词汇—构式语用学视角  

How Can a Pun Be a Construction?The Perspective of Lexico-constructional Pragmatics

作　　者：刘小红 侯国金[3] Liu Xiaohong;Hou Guojin(Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;Yunnan College of Business Management,Kunming 650304,China;Huaqiao University,Quanzhou 362021,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学外国语学院,210023 [2]云南经济管理学院通识学院,650304 [3]华侨大学外国语学院,362021

出　　处：《北京第二外国语学院学报》2022年第6期148-162,共15页Journal of Beijing International Studies University

基　　金：2018年国家社会科学基金项目“构式语法的语用修辞学研究”(项目编号:18BYY216)的资助;2018年教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目“语言库藏类型学和词汇—构式语用学的融合研究”(项目编号:18YJC740054);2021年江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目“言语互动中‘不是我说你’的人际元语用研究”(项目编号:KYCX21_0018)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文在“词汇—构式语用学”框架下,把传统修辞学的“双关”当作“双关触发器”,而把真正的双关当作“双关构式”进行研究,以双关构式的音形义效为语用修辞参数,将双关构式分为3类:(1){X+同音同形异义异效词+X}双关构式;(2){X+同/近音近形异义异效词+X}双关构式;(3){X+同/近音异形异义异效词+X}双关构式。对于语效,除了前人指出的风趣幽默、新颖别致以及让人产生联想等修辞效果之外,本文还发现并阐述了双关构式表达说话者的情感态度、避实就婉、刻意曲解、缓解尴尬等语用功能,浅论了双关构式的语义—语用模糊性、传承性、网络性以及语用修辞性。This paper adopts the perspective of lexico-constructional pragmatics to consider pun of traditional rhetoric as a pun trigger, and regards pun in the true sense of the term as a pun construction. In terms of sound, form, meaning, and ef fect which are four essential pragma-rhetorical parameters, pun constructions fall into three categories: the {X + same sound, same form, varied meaning and effect + X} pun construction, the {X + same/similar sound, similar form, varied meaning and ef fect +X} pun construction, and the {X + same/similar sound, varied form meaning and ef fect + X} pun construction. With regard to pragmatic ef fects, it is found that in addition to what has been addressed in earlier studies, such as humor, novelty, and association, pun construction can be employed to present the rhetor’s emotional attitudes, to circumvent excessive frankness, to deliberately misinterpret an utterance, or to downplay embarrassment. The paper also addresses semantico-pragmatic ambiguity, inheritance,networks, and the pragma-rhetorical ef fects of pun constructions.

关 键 词：双关构式 词汇—构式语用学 音形义效统一体 语义—语用模糊 语用修辞效果 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]