原位颗粒对6063铝合金微观组织和耐磨性的影响机理  

Influence Mechanism of In-situ Particles on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of 6063 Aluminum Alloy

作　　者：郑崇 刘慧敏[1,2] 吕春达 刘君城 史志铭 Zheng Chong;Liu Hiumin;Lv Chunda;Liu Juncheng;Shi Zhiming(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China;Key Laboratory of Light Metal Materials,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot 010051,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古工业大学材料科学与工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010051 [2]内蒙古自治区轻金属材料重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010051

出　　处：《稀有金属材料与工程》2022年第11期4213-4218,共6页Rare Metal Materials and Engineering

基　　金：内蒙古自治区重大基础研究开放课题。

摘　　要：以CuO-Al作为反应体系,在6063铝合金中原位反应生成Al_(2)O_(3)颗粒,制备6063Al-xAl_(2)O_(3)(x=0,2,4,6,质量分数,%)复合材料。研究原位反应颗粒Al_(2)O_(3)的形状、尺寸、数量、分布、界面特征等对合金微观组织和耐磨性的影响机理,并且分析了6063铝合金自带的原位结晶颗粒Mg2Si对耐磨性的影响机理。结果表明,在6063铝合金中原位反应生成尺寸在亚微米级的近球形θ-Al_(2)O_(3)颗粒;其(311)晶面与6063铝合金基体(111)晶面成共格界面;6063铝合金中Mg2Si尺寸大约为100 nm,呈条带状,其(022)与Al基体(111)晶面属于共格界面。随着Al_(2)O_(3)颗粒含量的增加,6063铝基复合材料的晶粒组织形貌由蔷薇状逐渐向等轴晶转变,晶粒尺寸逐渐减小。当Al_(2)O_(3)的质量分数为6%时,复合材料组织由等轴晶和细小的柱状晶组成。载荷为50 N时,6063铝合金的磨损量为6.72 mg,6063-6Al_(2)O_(3)复合材料的磨损量为1.63 mg,相对于6063铝合金降低75.7%。原位颗粒(Al_(2)O_(3)+Mg2Si)与铝基体都成共格界面,界面之间无污染,界面结合强度高,在磨损过程中,不易从基体中脱落,承担磨损过程中的大部分载荷。原位生成高硬度的Al_(2)O_(3)颗粒与原位结晶颗粒Mg2Si协同作用共同提高复合材料的耐磨性。外加载荷为40 N时,随着增强相质量分数的增加,复合材料的磨损机制由粘着磨损转变为磨粒磨损。6063铝合金磨损机制以严重的粘着磨损为主。6063-2Al_(2)O_(3)和6063-4Al_(2)O_(3)复合材料磨损机制主要以粘着磨损为主,6063-6Al_(2)O_(3)复合材料主要表现为磨粒磨损。The 6063Al-xAl_(2)O_(3)(x=0,2,4,6)composite was prepared by the method of near liquid line casting using CuO-Al as the reaction system to form Al_(2)O_(3)particles in the in-situ reaction of 6063 aluminum alloy.The influence mechanism of the shape,size,quantity,distribution and interface characteristics of in-situ reaction particle Al_(2)O_(3)and in-situ crystallization particle Mg2Si of 6063 aluminum alloy on the microstructure and wear resistance of the alloy was studied.The results show that near sphericalθ-Al_(2)O_(3)particles with sub-micron size are formed in the in-situ reaction of 6063 aluminum alloy.The(311)crystal plane has a coherent interface with the(111)crystal plane of 6063 aluminum alloy matrix.The size of Mg2Si in 6063 aluminum alloy is about 100 nm,which is banded,and its(022)crystal faces with Al matrix(111)belong to coherent interface.With the increase of the content of Al_(2)O_(3)particles,the grain morphology of 6063 Al matrix composites changes from rose-like to equiaxed grain gradually,and the grain size decreases gradually.When the mass fraction of Al_(2)O_(3)is 6%,the microstructure of the composite is composed of equiaxed grains and fine columnar grains.When the load is 50 N,the wear amount of 6063 aluminum alloy is 6.72 mg,and the wear amount of 6063-6Al_(2)O_(3)composite is 1.63 mg,which is 75.7%lower than that of 6063 aluminum alloy.The in-situ particles(Al_(2)O_(3)+Mg2Si)form a coherent interface with the aluminum matrix.There is no pollution between the interfaces and the interface bonding strength is high.In the wear process,it is not easy to fall off from the matrix and bear most of the load in the wear process.The synergistic effect of in-situ formation of high hardness Al_(2)O_(3)particles and in-situ crystalline particles Mg2Si can improve the wear resistance of composites.When the applied load is 40 N,the wear mechanism of the composites changes from adhesion wear to abrasive wear with the increase of the mass fraction of reinforcement phase.The wear mechanism of 6063 alumin

关 键 词：原位反应Al2O3颗粒 原位结晶Mg2Si颗粒 铝基复合材料 微观组织 耐磨性 

分 类 号：TB333[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]