西藏自治区“十二五”和“十三五”环境空气质量变化特征  

Variation Characteristics of Ambient Air Quality in Tibet During the 12th and 13 th Five-Year Plan Periods

作　　者：李苹 尼霞次仁 殷秀峰 张惠芳 王彩红 格桑德吉 陈旭 符晓鹏 边巴卓玛 丛志远[5] 王小萍[5] 张强弓[5] LI Ping;NYIXIA Tsring;YIN Xiufeng;ZHANG Huifang;WANG Caihong;KELSANG Derge;CHEN Xu;FU Xiaopeng;BIANBA Zhuomu;CONG Zhiyuan;WANG Xiaoping;ZHANG Qianggong(Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions,Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Tibet Autonomous Region,Lhasa 851414,China;State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science,Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Science,Lanzhou 730000,China;Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes,Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院寒旱区陆面过程与气候变化重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]西藏自治区生态环境监测中心,西藏拉萨851414 [4]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [5]中国科学院青藏高原研究所青藏高原环境变化与地表过程实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《中国环境监测》2022年第6期50-58,共9页Environmental Monitoring in China

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(QZKK0605)。

摘　　要：“十二五”以来中国先后颁布了一系列大气污染防治政策并实施相应的大气污染治理措施以提高环境空气质量。为研究西藏自治区“十二五”(2011—2015年)和“十三五”(2016—2020年)时期环境空气质量变化状况,评估大气污染防治措施实施效果,笔者对2011—2020年西藏自治区7个城市(地区)主要大气污染物浓度和优良天数比例变化进行分析。结果表明:随着一系列大气污染防治措施的实施,西藏自治区环境空气质量显著提升,与“十二五”时期相比,“十三五”时期西藏自治区年平均优良天数比例由97.5%±2.0%提升至99.3%±0.4%,SO_(2)、NO_(2)、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)浓度年均值和CO浓度第95百分位数均呈下降趋势,其中CO、PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)浓度下降幅度较大,O_(3)日最大8h滑动平均值第90百分位数略有上升。西藏自治区环境空气质量与人口、经济发展程度呈负相关关系。受污染源排放、气象条件和区域传输等因素影响,西藏自治区O_(3)浓度春、夏季较高,而其余污染物浓度冬季较高。Since the 12th Five-Year Plan,the government of China has promulgated a series of air pollution prevention policies and implemented corresponding air pollution control measures to improve environmental air quality.To study the variation of ambient air quality during the 12th Five-Year Plan(2011-2015)to 13th Five-Year Plan(2016-2020)in Tibet and evaluate the implementation effects of air pollution prevention and control measures,the variation of concentration of six principal air pollutants and the average percentage of days meeting ambient air quality standards in 7 cities of Tibet from 2011 to 2020 was analyzed.The results showed that with the implementation of a series of air pollution prevention and control measures,the ambient air quality in Tibet Autonomous Region improved significantly.Compared with the 12th Five-Year Plan period,the average percentage of days meeting ambient air quality standards increased from 97.5%±2.0%to 99.3%±0.4%,and the annual mean concentration of SO_(2),NO_(2),PM_(10),PM_(2.5)and the annual 95th percentile concentration of CO decreased.The concentration of CO,PM_(10)and PM_(2.5)decreased significantly,while the annual 90th percentile daily maximum 8-hour concentration of O_(3)increased slightly.The ambient air quality of cities in Tibet negatively correlated with population and economic development.Influenced by the pollution source emissions,meteorological conditions,regional transmission and other factors,the concentration of O_(3)in Tibet was relatively higher in spring and summer,while the concentration of other pollutants was higher in winter.

关 键 词：西藏 大气污染 空气质量 “十二五”时期 “十三五”时期 

分 类 号：X820.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程]