发酵鱼溶浆替代鱼粉对大菱鲆幼鱼生长、抗氧化能力、蛋白质代谢及相关基因表达的影响  

The Effect of Replacing Fish Meal with Fermented Stickwater on Growth, Antioxidant Capacity, Protein Metabolism and Related Gene Expression of Juvenile Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.)

作　　者：许聪 王际英 郝甜甜 李宝山 黄炳山 孙永智 王晓艳 王成强 曹体宏 XU Cong;WANG Jiying;HAO Tiantian;LI Baoshan;HUANG Bingshan;SUN Yongzhi;WANG Xiaoyan;WANG Chengqiang;CAO Tihong(National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrion of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration,Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute,Yantai,Shandong 264006,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,农业农村部鱼类营养与环境生态研究中心,水产动物遗传育种中心上海市协同创新中心,上海201306 [2]山东省海洋资源与环境研究院,山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室,山东烟台264006

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2023年第1期90-102,共13页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：烟台市科技计划(2018ZHGY066;2020XDRH091)资助。

摘　　要：为研究发酵鱼溶浆(FSW)替代鱼粉对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼生长、抗氧化能力、蛋白质代谢及相关基因表达的影响,实验设正对照组(50%鱼粉),负对照组(30%鱼粉),在负对照组基础上分别以2%、4%、6%、8%的FSW替代鱼粉,分别命名为FSW2、FSW4、FSW6和FSW8组,饲喂初始体重为(30.00±0.03)g的大菱鲆幼鱼8周。结果显示,各组间幼鱼成活率均无显著差异(P>0.05),FSW2~FSW8组幼鱼增重率、蛋白质效率与正对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),但均显著高于负对照组(P<0.05)。FSW2~FSW8组全鱼和背肌粗蛋白含量与正对照组无显著差异,但显著高于负对照组(P<0.05);负对照组全鱼和背肌粗脂肪含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。负对照组血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和甘油三脂(TG)均显著高于正对照组(P<0.05),负对照组、FSW2~FSW8组血清中总胆固醇(T-CHO)、ALT和AST呈先降低后升高的趋势,肝脏中ALT和AST含量则呈相反趋势。负对照组血清中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量显著低于正对照组(P<0.05)。负对照组肝脏中蛋白激酶A(PKA)、蛋白激酶C(PKC)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性均显著低于正对照组(P<0.05)。与正对照组相比,负对照组肠道中氨基酸转运载体b0at1和小肽转运载体pept1表达量上调,氨基酸转运载体cat1、pat1表达量差异不显著,FSW2~FSW8组b0at1、cat1、pat1和pept1表达量均显著高于正对照组和负对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲料中添加FSW显著改善了实验鱼对饲料蛋白质的利用率,缓解了植物蛋白造成的生长性能下降。以增重率为评价指标,添加FSW可使饲料中鱼粉的使用量降低至22%,且鱼体在生长和体组成上与50%鱼粉组无显著差异。With the rapid development of the aquaculture industry and the shortage of global fishery resources, the contradiction between supply and demand of fish meal has become increasingly significant. Therefore, finding new substitutes for fish meals and reasonably reducing the amount of fish meal in formula feed has become an important research topic in aquatic feed. Stickwater is a byproduct of fishmeal processing. It contains many water-soluble molecules, such as small molecular peptides, biogenic amines, taurine, and high unsaturated fatty acids. These components are regarded as particular nutrients or bioactive substances in the fish meal. Studies have shown that stickwater can replace part of fish meal in recent years and achieve good results in fish and other aquatic animals.The fermented feed has excellent advantages for fish meal replacement. Studies have shown that after fermentation, the contents of anti-nutritional factors in plant raw materials are decreased.In contrast, the contents of small peptides and free amino acids are increased, the nutrient composition is changed, and the intermediate metabolites of microorganisms are obtained, which can further improve the replacement level of fish meal. There are few studies on the fermentation of feed materials, such as fish meal and stickwater, which do not contain anti-nutritional factors. Our laboratory’s preliminary study found that stickwater combined with other animal and plant proteins could replace 40% of fish meal in the feed. This experiment fermented stickwater first, then replace fish meal in high plant protein formula feed with fermented stickwater(FSW), aims to further increase the amount of fish meal replacement, reduce the negative effect of the plant protein source on the turbot, for FSW application in feeds for turbot provide a theoretical reference.The stickwater in the experiment was a brown viscous liquid, with a water content of 48.73%,dry matter crude protein content of 64.08%, and crude fat content of 8.91%. The strains used were Bacil

关 键 词：发酵鱼溶浆 鱼粉 替代 代谢 

分 类 号：S963.1[农业科学—水产养殖]