饲料不同脂肪和脂肪酶水平对细鳞鲑生长性能、血清生化指标和肝脏抗氧化性能的影响  

Effects of Dietary Lipid and Lipase Levels on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices, and Liver Antioxidant Activity of Brachymystax lenok

作　　者：武之绚 陈钟玲 于建华[1] 胡宗福[1] 牛化欣[1] 常杰[2] WU Zhixuan;CHEN Zhongling;YU Jianhua;HU Zongfu;NIU Huaxin;CHANG Jie(College of Animal Science and Technology,Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities,Tongliao,Inner Mongolia 028000,China;College of Life and Food Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities,Tongliao,Inner Mongolia 028000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学动物科技学院,内蒙古通辽028000 [2]内蒙古民族大学生命科学与食品学院,内蒙古通辽028000

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2023年第1期115-124,共10页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860730;31460692)资助。

摘　　要：本实验旨在研究饲料不同脂肪和脂肪酶水平对细鳞鲑(Brachymystax lenok)生长性能、血清生化指标和肝脏抗氧化性的影响。采用2×3双因素实验设计,配制2个脂肪水平(180和220g/kg)和3个脂肪酶水平(0、2500和5000 U/kg)的6种实验饲料,即C-0、C-2500、C-5000和H-0、H-2500、H-5000。挑选270尾初始体重为(7.34±0.16) g的细鳞鲑,随机分为6个组,每组3个重复,每个重复15尾鱼。各组实验鱼分别投喂6种不同的实验饲料,养殖63d。结果显示,不同脂肪含量和脂肪酶水平对终末平均体重存在极显著交互作用(P<0.01),对增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)存在显著的交互作用(P<0.05),脂肪与脂肪酶二者均对机体的生长性能产生影响,其中,同一脂肪水平,鱼体重、WGR和SGR均以C-5000组最高。H-0、H-2500、H-5000组血液中的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)分别低于C-0、C-2500、C-5000组,其中,H-0、H-5000与C-0、C-5000组存在显著差异(P<0.05);H-0、H-2500、H-5000组的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)分别高于C-0、C-2500、C-5000组,其中,H-0、H-2500与C-0、C-2500组存在显著差异(P<0.05)。随着脂肪酶水平升高,肝脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)水平提高,且相同脂肪酶水平的220 g/kg组GPX高于180 g/kg组。综上所述,在脂肪水平为183.7 g/kg、脂肪酶添加量为5000 U/kg时,可以明显改善细鳞鲑幼鱼的生长和抗氧化性能。With the increasing demand for marine fish and cold-water predatory fish, to ensure its scale and industrialization in the process of breeding and to provide safe, high-quality, and healthy aquatic animal food for the society, the quality requirements of aquatic compound feed in the industry are increasing. Among the three nutrients, predatory fish have a poor ability to use sugar. Protein is the most expensive raw material, and the final product of its metabolism is ammonia, which can lead to the deterioration of water quality. Fat provides energy for fish growth, and essential fatty acids promotes the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, and promotes protein deposition and utilization as a non-protein energy substance. Therefore, increasing the oil content in predatory fish feed and reducing the use of protein as energy can save feed protein and increase economic benefit. Different fish have different responses to nutrients and energy in feed. The fat metabolism of cultured fish has a certain species-specificity. It is generally believed that cold-water fish have a higher dietary fat requirement. The fat requirement of juvenile salmonids is 20%~30%, much higher than that of warm water fish. As a cold-water fish,Brachymystax lenok has successfully evolved key genotypic or phenotypic traits to adapt to growing at low temperatures, with fat requirements in the range of 17%~19%, slightly below the recommended fat requirements for regular Salmonidae fish.The high-fat feed has been widely used in carnivorous cold-water fish. As physiological conditions limit the demand and utilization capacity of fat, long-term intake of high-fat feed will easily cause fat metabolism disorder and meat quality decline during the breeding period, which seriously affects the health and quality of fish. Nutritional regulation of fat metabolism has become feasible means to reduce body fat deposition and improve meat quality. Therefore, it is particularly urgent to elucidate the fat metabolism mechanism and nutrition regulation of predatory

关 键 词：细鳞鲑 外源脂肪酶 生长性能 血清生化指标 肝脏抗氧化性能 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]