凡纳滨对虾工厂化循环水养殖系统水质指标及微生物菌群结构的分析  

Analysis of Water Quality and Bacterial Community Characterization in an Industrialized Recirculating Aquaculture System of Litopenaeus vannamei

作　　者：宫晗 陈萍[2] 秦桢 刘洋[2,4] 高焕[1,2] 李吉涛 李健[2] 朱建新[2] GONG Han;CHEN Ping;QIN Zhen;LIU Yang;GAO Huan;LI Jitao;LI Jian;ZHU Jianxin(Jiangsu Ocean University,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology,Lianyungang,Jiangsu 222005,China;Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China;Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Dalian Ocean University,Dalian,Liaoning 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏海洋大学,江苏省海洋生物资源与生态环境重点实验室,江苏连云港222005 [2]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室,青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266071 [3]上海海洋大学,上海201306 [4]大连海洋大学,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2023年第1期125-136,共12页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2019YFD0900505);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系;中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2020TD46;2021GH05)共同资助。

摘　　要：为探究凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)工厂化循环水养殖系统的养殖水体水质情况以及微生物菌群的组成结构,本研究利用高通量测序技术和生物信息学分析手段,测定凡纳滨对虾工厂化循环水养殖过程一级移动床生物净化、二级固定床生物净化、养殖水体的水质指标、水体和生物净化载体以及对虾肠道微生物菌群的组成。结果显示,水体的氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)和亚硝态氮(NO_(2)^(–)-N)质量浓度显著降低,分别为0.85和0.21 mg/L。养殖系统水体、生物净化载体和虾肠道样品中共有的优势菌为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),此外,一级、二级生物净化系统水体中的放线菌门(Actinobacteria)为优势菌,生物净化载体中浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)和硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)为优势菌;对虾肠道中的厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)为优势菌。另外,对虾养殖循环水系统中生物净化载体上的细菌物种含量比水样中的细菌物种少,但微生物多样性高于养殖水体,生物净化载体中微生物具有低丰度和高多样性的特点。综上所述,生物净化系统可有效地增加水体中促进氮、磷代谢的微生物菌群,调控养殖水体的水质指标,研究结果为凡纳滨对虾工厂化循环水养殖系统构建及水质调控提供理论依据。Litopenaeus vannamei is one of the most important species of cultured shrimp in China.With the continuous development of intensive culture and increase in stocking density and feed feeding,the yield of cultured shrimp and utilization rate of the cultured environment have improved rapidly.However,a large number of residual baits,feces,fertilizers,and drugs have worsened the aquaculture water environment and led to prominent adverse environmental effects,widespread aquatic animal diseases,and severe environmental pollution.Therefore,the development of pollution-free ecological aquaculture,the promotion of industrialized circulating water aquaculture,and the research of efficient and sustainable biological purification systems have become the focus of aquaculture model research.Circulating water aquaculture is a new aquaculture mode in which water is treated and reused using modern techniques.To explore aquaculture water quality and the composition structure of microbial flora in an industrialized circulating water aquaculture system of L.vannamei,the water quality indexes of biological purification aquaculture systems such as primary moving bed biological purification,secondary fixed-bed biological purification,and aquaculture water,and the microbial flora of water and shrimp intestines were measured using high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis.The experimental results showed that the mass concentrations of ammonia nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N)and nitrite nitrogen(NO_(2)^(–)-N)in the culture water met the standards for the healthy culture of L.vannamei after treatment with the biological purification culture system.Concentrations are 0.85 and 0.21 mg/L.Results showed that all water and carrier samples contained a certain abundance of nitrifying Spirillum bacteria,especially on the biological purification carrier,which was significantly higher than the proportion of the bacterial community in water samples.The Chao1 and Shannon indices of chemical fiber filament biological carriers were signifi

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 工厂化循环水养殖 生物净化 水质指标 微生物菌群 

分 类 号：S967.9[农业科学—水产养殖]