福利与保护之间:家国关系变迁中的事实无人抚养儿童政策执行  

Between Welfare and Protection: Implementing Policies on De Facto Orphans in the Changing Family-State Relationships

作　　者：邓锁[1] DENG Suo(Department of Sociology,Peking University,Bejing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学社会学系,北京100871

出　　处：《妇女研究论丛》2022年第6期19-31,共13页Journal of Chinese Women＇s Studies

摘　　要：儿童兜底监护的国家责任日益获得重视,本研究以事实无人抚养儿童政策执行为例,通过政策梳理和在Z县执行的案例分析,发现基层政策执行者往往面临着福利逻辑和保护逻辑的二元制度张力。保护逻辑强调儿童监护关系的法律证实而忽略了复杂的家庭伦理情境,可能带来实际监护缺失儿童的政策排斥;福利逻辑强调对事实无人抚养儿童与家庭的及时救助,却也导致对儿童监护保护需求的回应不足。基层工作者对两种制度逻辑的调适是家国关系的变迁表征,也反映了儿童福利制度的转型特征。本文基于研究指出,应当加强城乡人口流动背景下脆弱家庭儿童抚育的政策支持,进一步健全完善基层儿童福利服务体系。The state’s responsibility for the guardianship of de facto orphans has attracted increasing attention.This study finds that the implementation of policy on de facto orphans is laden with an institutional tension between the welfare logic and the protection logic.The protection logic emphasizes the legal confirmation of child custody while it ignores the complex situations of family ethics, resulting in policy’s exclusion of children in the absence of actual parental care.The welfare logic puts more emphasis on timely assistance to economically disadvantaged children and families, but also leads to insufficient responses to the needs of child custody and protection.Street-level government workers respond to the constraints of complex practical situations by flexibly adjusting the two institutional orientations although facing difficulties in facilitating policy implementation.The coexistence and mutual adaptation of the two institutional orientations signify the changes in the relationship between the state and the family, and also reflects the transformation of the child welfare system.The future development of the child welfare system should focus more on strengthening policy support for vulnerable families, and upgrading community child welfare service system.

关 键 词：事实无人抚养儿童 保护逻辑 福利逻辑 政策执行 

分 类 号：C913.7[经济管理]