采用辅助定位提升白车身制造能力实践  

Improving the Practice of Body-in-white Manufacturing Capabilities by Adopting Assisted Positioning

作　　者：白济榕 张东发 卓宝 Bai Jirong;Zhang Dongfa;Zhuo Bao

机构地区：[1]上汽通用五菱汽车股份有限公司,广西柳州市545007

出　　处：《时代汽车》2023年第2期147-149,共3页Auto Time

摘　　要：焊接工装是汽车白车身零件定位,保持空间位置正确的基本工具。在制造系统中,工件的定位要符合六点定位原理,也就是需要遵循“3-2-1”原则[1],理论上对一个“刚体”来说,通过“3-2-1”原则,就可以将零件在空间位置完全定住,但现实中不存在理论上的“刚体”,零件总是存在轻微的回弹,尤其对汽车钣金件来说,由于汽车钣金件多为薄板冲压件,面积大,刚性差,所以在实际制造过程中会出现“定位不足”这种情况。这时我们通常会采用一些辅助定位来保证焊接时零件空间位置的正确性。除此之外,在白车身尺寸控制和质量提升的不断实践探索中,笔者发现辅助限位的应用范围十分广泛,有很多“小技巧”一样的辅助定位,在实际生产中起着非常大的作用,体现着劳动人民的智慧,例如使用辅助限位来防止钣金搭接错位,提升白车身精度,零件预装导向、零件矫形、零件防错、保护螺母孔、辅助涂胶等等,本文将从这些实际生产中的经验进行提炼总结,探索辅助定位在汽车白车身制造过程中的普遍应用。Welding tooling is a basic tool for positioning automotive body-in-white parts and maintaining the correct spatial position. In the manufacturing system, the positioning of the workpiece should conform to the six-point positioning principle, that is, it is necessary to follow the "3-2-1" principle[1]. Theoretically for a "rigid body", through the "3-2-1" principle, the parts can be completely fixed in the space position. But in reality there is no theoretical "rigid body", parts always have a slight spring back, especially for automotive sheet metal parts. As automotive sheet metal parts are mostly thin plate stamping parts, large area, poor rigidity, so in the actual manufacturing process will appear "insufficient positioning". At this time, we usually use some auxiliary positioning to ensure the correctness of the space position of the part during welding. In addition, in the continuous practice and exploration of body-in-white size control and quality improvement, the author finds that the application range of auxiliary limits is very extensive, and there are many "small skills" like auxiliary positioning, which play a very large role in actual production, reflecting the wisdom of working people, such as the use of auxiliary limits to prevent sheet metal lap misalignment, improve the accuracy of body-in-white, parts pre-assembly guidance, parts orthopedics, parts error prevention, protection nut holes, auxiliary gluing, etc.. This article will refine and summarized from the experience in this actual production, and explore the common use of assisted positioning in automotive body-in-white manufacturing processes.

关 键 词：辅助限位 白车身 汽车制造 工装定位 焊接工装 自由度 

分 类 号：U46[机械工程—车辆工程]