社会信用立法的功能定位与核心问题  

Function Orientation and Core Problems of Social Credit Legislation

作　　者：贾韶琦 Jia Shaoqi

机构地区：[1]湖南工商大学法学院

出　　处：《理论月刊》2023年第1期143-151,共9页Theory Monthly

基　　金：湖南省教育厅科学研究一般项目(21C0451)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：社会信用立法面临着功能定位不明确、技术回应不明显、实施立场不准确等比较突出的问题。社会信用立法应是“社会主义核心价值观融入法治建设”语境下的道德立法,通过将社会普遍认可的道德要求转化为法律上的权利义务关系,实现道德法律化和法律道德化在“良法善治”意义上的统一。大数据技术为社会信用立法提供能力支持,使之成为可能,并因全样本分析、反模糊反匿名、自身膨胀等技术特征影响社会信用信息的采集、披露和使用,立法中宜确立“全面采集”“原则公开”“安全使用”之原则。实践中“泛信用化”惩戒乱象表明社会信用法律的规制功能与激励作用间的内在逻辑失调,一方面应明确激励型法的规制功能,引导逻辑思维和意识形态融入社会信用体系建设;另一方面应坚持法律规制功能的激励导向,即便是失信惩戒也具有激励作用,主要表现为法律保留原则和比例原则的适用。Social credit legislation is faced with some prominent problems,such as unclear functional orientation,unclear technical response and inaccurate implementation stance.Social credit legislation should be the moral legislation in the context of“integrating socialist core values into the construction of the rule of law”,and realize the unification of moral legalization and legal moralization in the sense of“good law and good governance”by transforming the moral requirements widely recognized by the society into the relationship of legal rights and obligations.Big data technology provides the ability support for social credit legislation and makes it possible.Due to the technical characteristics of full sample analysis,anti-ambiguity,anti-anonymity,and self-expansion,the collection,disclosure and use of social credit information are affected.Therefore,the principles of“comprehensive collection”,“open principle”and“safe use”should be established in legislation.The chaos of“pan-credit”punishment in practice indicates the internal logic dissonance between the regulatory function of social credit law and the incentive function.On the one hand,the regulatory function of incentive law should be clearly defined to guide logical thinking and ideology into the construction of social credit system.On the other hand,we should adhere to the incentive orientation of the legal regulation function.Even the punishment for trust-breaking has an incentive effect,which is mainly manifested by the application of the principle of legal reservation and the principle of proportionality.

关 键 词：社会信用立法 道德立法 大数据 法律激励 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学] C924.21[政治法律—法学]