生物有机肥、枯草芽孢杆菌对木薯生长及土壤性状的影响  

Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer and Bacillus subtilis on Cassava Growth and Soil Properties

作　　者：韦云东 周时艺 陈蕊蕊 郑华[1] 李军[1] 盘欢[1] 罗燕春[1] WEI Yundong;ZHOU Shiyi;CHEN Ruirui;ZHENG Hua;LI Jun;PAN Huan;LUO Yanchun(Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute,Nanning 530001,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所,广西南宁530001

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2022年第12期64-73,共10页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS—11);广西农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(桂农科2020YM54,桂农科2021YT150)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过大田试验,研究生物有机肥(BF)、枯草芽孢杆菌(BS)、缓释氮肥(SRN)对木薯生长和土壤养分、酶活性等的影响。【方法】试验设置不同生物有机肥(BF)施用量(BF1,5 t/hm^(2);BF2,10 t/hm^(2))、不同枯草芽孢杆菌菌剂(BS)浓度(BS100,100倍稀释;BS200,200倍稀释)、SRN及减肥处理(75%CF)、尿素处理(1次施用,UN1;2次施用,UN2)等组合共13个处理。【结果】BF2+75%CF处理比BF2+SRN处理显著(P<0.05)降低了土壤碱解氮含量;在施用SRN情况下,BS100处理显著提高土壤速效钾含量;BF2在施尿素时显著提高土壤速效钾含量;BF2+75%CF处理比SRN显著提高土壤速效钾含量。BS+SRN、BF+SRN、BF2+75%CF处理均比SRN显著提高土壤微生物生物量碳。在施用SRN的情况下,BS100、BF2处理显著提高土壤酸性磷酸酶活性。SRN、UN2处理木薯产量分别比UN1处理显著提高20.5%和21.7%,BS和BF处理在施尿素或SRN情况下均能显著提高木薯产量。相比常规施肥,BF和BS配合减肥或缓释氮肥可提高氮肥利用率(10.9%~21.5%)和钾肥利用率(11.4%~28.9%)。【结论】缓释氮肥1次施用与尿素2次施用的增产效果相当。在施用SRN的情况下,BF提高了土壤蔗糖酶活性、BS提高了土壤速效钾含量,二者均提高SMBC、酸性磷酸酶活性、木薯产量。在减施化肥的情况下,BF可提高土壤速效钾含量、SMBC、木薯鲜薯产量。BF、BS处理均可提高木薯氮、钾肥利用率。【Objective】This study is aimed to investigate the effects of bio-fertilizer (BF),Bacillus subtilis (BS),slow-released nitrogen fertilizer (SRN) on cassava growth,soil nutrients and biological activity through field experients.【Method】A field trial was carried out including 13 treatments with 2 BF application amounts (BF1,5 t/hm^(2);BF2,10 t/hm^(2)),2 concentrations of BS (BS100,diluted 100 times;BS200,diluted 200 times),SRN and reduced chemical fertilizer(75%CF) and urea treatment (application once,UN1;application twice,UN2).【Result】BF2+75%CF treatment lowered soil available nitrogen content (P<0.05) compared with BF2+SRN treatment.Soil available potassium (AK) content was increased by BS100 with SRN.AK content was also increased significantly by BF2 when applied with UN1.BF2+75%CF significantly increased of AK content compared with SRN.Soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) was increased by BS+SRN,BF+SRN andBF2+75%CF,higher than SRN.With the application of SRN,soil acid phosphatase activity was increased by BS100 and BF2.The cassava yields were increased by 20.5%and 21.7%respectively under SRN and UN2 treatments,compared with that under UN1 treatment.Both BS and BF could increase cassava yield when applied with SRN or UN,or only 75%CF.Compared with conventional fertilization (UN1),BF and BS combined with SRN or 75%CF could increase nitrogen utilization rate by10.9%-21.5%and potassium utilization rate by 11.4%-28.9%.【Conclusion】In conclusion,cassava yields are increased approximately by SRN or UN2.With the plication of SRN,AK,SMBC,soil acid phosphatase activity and cassava yield are increased by BF and BS,and the soil sucrase activity by BF.By reducing 25%chemical fertilizer,BF can also increase AK,SMBC and cassava yield.The nitrogen and potassium utilization rates are both increased by BF and BS.

关 键 词：生物有机肥 枯草芽孢杆菌 肥料利用率 缓释氮肥 减施化肥 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] S533[农业科学—农业基础科学]