长期连作下石灰性紫色土植烟土壤养分与酶活性变化  

Changes of Soil Nutrients and Enzyme Activities in Calcareous Purple Soil Under Long-term Continuous Cropping for Tobacco Planting

作　　者：刘勇成 俞世康 李富程[1] 顾会战 骆国辉 何佶弦 LIU Yongcheng;YU Shikang;LI Fucheng;GU Huizhan;LUO Guohui;HE Jixian(School of Resource&Environment,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China;Guangyuan Branch,Sichuan Tobacco Company,Guangyuan 628000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学环境与资源学院,四川绵阳621010 [2]四川省烟草公司广元市公司,四川广元628000

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2022年第12期74-81,共8页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国烟草总公司四川省公司科技项目(SCYC202106);四川省重点研发项目(2021YFN0125)。

摘　　要：【目的】土壤养分失衡问题随着植烟年限的增加越发严重,系统研究石灰性紫色土烤烟连作对土壤养分与酶活性的影响,为土壤肥力提升和连作障碍防治提供数据支撑。【方法】于2021年4月在广元市昭华区选择不同连作年限(0、8、10、27、33年)的石灰性紫色土典型样地为研究对象,分析长期连作对土壤养分、酶活性和烤烟生长发育的影响。【结果】烤烟长期连作导致植烟土壤有机质含量、pH以及碱解氮含量分别减少18.34%、17.43%和23.15%,而土壤速效磷、速效钾含量分别增加124%和54.55%,土壤脲酶活性降低58.51%~91.28%,蔗糖酶活性降低29.14%~48.66%。相关性分析显示土壤蔗糖酶活性与土壤速效磷呈极显著负相关,土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶与土壤速效钾含量呈极显著正相关、而与土壤速效磷呈显著负相关,土壤脲酶活性与土壤pH呈极显著正相关。【结论】石灰性紫色土烤烟长期连作对土壤养分和酶活性产生抑制作用,应注意氮磷钾肥的平衡配施,可适当增施有机肥来调控土壤微环境,以促进养分的转化与吸收。【Objective】The problem of soil nutrient imbalance becomes more and more serious with the increase of tobacco planting years. The effects of continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco on soil nutrients and enzyme activities in calcareous purple soil were systematically studied to provide data support for the improvement of soil fertility and the prevention and control of continuous cropping obstacles.【Method】In April 2021, typical plots of calcareous purple soil with different continuous cropping years(0 year, and 8, 10, 27, 33 years) in Zhaohua District, Guangyuan City were selected as the research objects, and the effects of long-term continuous cropping on soil nutrients, enzyme activities and the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco were analyzed.【Result】Long-term continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco led to the decrease of soil organic matter, pH and alkaline nitrogen by 18.34%, 17.43% and 23.15%, while the contents of soil available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 124% and 54.55%, respectively. Long-term continuous cropping resulted in a decrease of 58.51%-91.28% in urease activity and a decrease of 29.14%-48.66% in sucrase activity in soil.The results of correlation analysis showed that soil sucrase activity was significantly negatively correlated with soil available phosphorus(P<0.01). Soil β-glucosidase was significantly positively correlated with soil available potassium content(P<0.01),while significantly negatively correlated with soil available phosphorus(P<0.05). The soil urease activity was significantly positively correlated with soil pH(P<0.01).【Conclusion】Long-term continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco in calcareous purple soil has an inhibitory effect on soil nutrients and enzyme activities. Attention should be paid to the balanced application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and organic fertilizer can be appropriately added to regulate the soil microenvironment to promote the transformation and absorption of nutrients.

关 键 词：烤烟 紫色土 连作障碍 养分失衡 酶活性 耕地质量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业] S158.3[农业科学—作物学] S344.4