一株异养硝化菌的筛选鉴定及其在农村养殖废水处理中的应用  

Screening and Identification of a Strain of Heterotrophic Nitrification Bacteria and Its Application in Wastewater Treatment of Rural Farming

作　　者：利勇 代群威[1,2] 王维富 邓信爽 赵玉连 王宇[1] LI Yong;DAI Qunwei;WANG Weifu;DENG Xinshuang;ZHAO Yulian;WANG Yu(School of Environment and Resources,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China;National Defense Key Discipline Laboratory of Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China;School of Life Science and Engineering,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学环境与资源学院,四川绵阳621010 [2]西南科技大学核废物与环境安全国防重点学科实验室,四川绵阳621010 [3]西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2022年第12期90-98,共9页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41877288);区域(四川)创新发展联合基金重点项目(U21A2016)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对养殖废水中的高浓度NH_(4)^(+)-N难处理的问题,从湖泊底泥中分离筛选出1株异养硝化细菌,并鉴定。【方法】对筛选菌株进行革兰氏染色、扫描电镜观察、菌株鉴定。16SrDNA测序结果在Blast数据库进行同源性分析并构建系统发育树;研究不同氮源下,该菌株的异养硝化和好氧反硝化性能以及通过不同菌液接种量、碳源、初始pH、温度、C/N、初始NH_(4)^(+)-N浓度为环境因素研究其脱氮特性;将该菌株投加到实际农村养猪废水中,评价其应用能力。【结果】筛选得到的菌株异养硝化菌株,鉴定为不动杆菌(Acinetobacter sp),命名为L-1;单因素试验结果表明:菌株L-1在接种比例2%、碳源为柠檬酸钠、pH值6~9、温度20~30℃、C/N10~20、NH_(4)^(+)-N初始浓度50 mg/L条件下异养硝化效果最好;在实际养猪废水中投加L-1进行脱氮,在96 h时,其中1 000 mg/L的NH_(4)^(+)-N废水降至298.46 mg/L,去除率达70.15%,对比空白对照NH_(4)^(+)-N去除率提高45.78%,其中NO_(3)^(-)-N和NO_(2)^(-)-N浓度均在下降。【结论】菌株L-1具有异养硝化和好氧反硝化能力,在异养硝化菌处理养猪废水研究方面具有一定的参考价值。【Objective】Aiming at the problem of being difficult to treat the high concentration of NH_(4)^(+)-N in farming wastewater,one heterotrophic nitrification bacterium was isolated and screened from the lake sediment.【Method】The screened strains were subjected to Gram staining,scanning electron microscopy and strain identification.Homology analysis of 16SrDNA sequencing results was performed in the Blast database and phylogenetic trees were constructed.The heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification properties of this strain under different nitrogen sources were studied,and the denitrification characteristics were studied with different inoculum levels,carbon source,initial pH,temperature,C/N,and initial NH_(4)^(+)-N concentration as environmental factors.Finally,the strain was added to the actual rural pig wastewater to evaluate its application ability.【Result】The strain of heterotrophic nitrification strain was identified as Acinetobacter sp and named L-1.Univariate experiments showed that L-1 had the best heterotrophic nitrification effect under inoculation ratio of 2%,carbon source of sodium citrate,pH 6-9,temperature 20-30℃,C/N 10-20,and NH_(4)^(+)-N initial concentration of 50 mg/L.In the actual pig wastewater,L-1 was added to the wastewater for nitrogen removal,in which the1 000 mg/L NH_(4)^(+)-N wastewater was reduced to 298.46 mg/L at the 96th hour.The removal rate of NH_(4)^(+)-N reached 70.15%,which was 45.78%higher than that of the blank control group,while both concentrations of NO_(3)^(-)-N and NO_(2)^(-)-N were decreased.【Conclusion】The strain L-1 has the ability of heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification,which has certain reference value in the study of heterotrophic nitrification bacteria for the treatment of pig wastewater.

关 键 词：异养硝化 不动杆菌 脱氮特性 高浓度氨氮 养猪废水 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]