联合国全球粮食安全治理理念探析  

A Review of the Concepts in United Nations Global Food Security Governance

作　　者：张帅 ZHANG Shuai

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院政府管理学院,上海201701 [2]中国浦东干部学院,上海201701

出　　处：《国际展望》2023年第1期116-135,157,158,共22页Global Review

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“新冠疫情背景下的全球粮食安全治理与中国的战略选择研究”(21CGJ010)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：粮食安全是联合国参与全球治理的重要领域,也是联合国在成立初期就重点关注的议题。联合国全球粮食安全治理遵循粮食权、粮食主权和发展观等三大理念。其中粮食权突显了联合国全球粮食安全治理的国际法依据,强调粮食安全治理要保障“类安全”和维护“类生存”。粮食主权反映了联合国全球粮食安全治理的价值遵循,强调粮食安全治理要实现“去政治化”。发展观体现了联合国全球粮食安全治理的可持续导向,强调以发展为动能,构建更具韧性的粮食体系。上述理念相互依存,捍卫粮食主权是实现粮食权的基础、发展是确保粮食主权的前提、粮食权的维护需以发展为保障。但同时也应看到,联合国落实全球粮食安全治理理念仍面临治理机制不完善、治理资源匮乏和强制力不足等诸多挑战。这需要联合国在全球治理框架下,构建综合治理机制,开展系统治理,加强对粮农事务的资金支持,提高融资能力,建立完整的法律体系,以实现更好生产、更好营养、更好环境和更好生活的粮食安全治理目标。Food security is in the core and foundation of the UN global governance since the beginning.Food rights,food sovereignty and development concept,are the three pillars of UN global food security governance.Among them,food rights highlight the spirits of the international law,emphasizing human security and preserving human survival.Food sovereignty reflects value of UN global food security governance,emphasizing the significance of de-politicization of it.Development concept reflects sustainable orientation of UN global food security governance,emphasizing development as the driven force for a more resilience food system.Those three pillars are interconnected and showing interdependence in practice:a)Safeguarding food sovereignty is the basis of achievement to food rights;b)Development is the precondition of ensuring food sovereignty;and c)Development is the guarantee of preserving food rights.Nevertheless,there are also increasing challenges along the implementation of UN global food security governance,including imperfection of governance mechanism,the shortage of governance resources and insufficiency of enforcement,etc.The UN should build a comprehensive mechanism and engage in systematic governance under its framework,and strengthen financial support,improve financing capacity and build integrated legal system for better production,nutrition,environment,and life.

关 键 词：联合国 粮食安全治理 粮食权 粮食主权 可持续发展 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]