汉语方言的非现实性代词复指型处置式  

On the Unreal Disposal Construction with a Terminal Anaphoric Pronoun in Chinese Dialects

作　　者：朱嫣红 Zhu Yanhong

机构地区：[1]深圳大学人文学院,518060

出　　处：《汉语学报》2022年第4期106-118,共13页Chinese Linguistics

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学“十三五”规划项目“《粵讴》语法特点研究”(编号:GD20YZY01)的支持。

摘　　要：汉语中的代词复指型处置式,其语义分布与一般处置式有显著区分,呈较强的非现实性。这类非现实性处置式形式上来自古代汉语,即由中古狭义处置式“Pre+O+V+之”式在近代同动结式互动产生“Pre+O+V(+C)+Pro”式,进而发展出各变式;结构重组促使这类处置式出现于非现实语境,且其非现实性在语义扩张中逐渐增强。在部分方言中,由于受事和动词泛化,句末代词进一步语法化为独立的非现实标记。跨方言来看,当人称直指失去称代功能时,语气标记可能是其语法化的下一步。In Chinese, disposal constructions with a terminal anaphoric pronoun, which is semantically different from those without a terminal anaphoric pronoun, have strong unreality features. The construction was originated from Ancient Chinese when the medieval narrow disposal construction “Pre + O + V + zhi” merged with a verb-resultative construction in Modern Chinese and resulted in the construction “Pre + O + V(+C) +Pro” and its variants. Such change led the new construction to unreal contexts, which were strengthened during subsequent semantic extension. In some dialects, due to the generalization of the patient and the verb, the terminal anaphoric pronoun is further grammaticalized to an independent unreal marker. Cross-dialect data show that from the function of deixis, the next grammaticalizing step of personal pronouns could be mood markers.

关 键 词：复指型处置式 非现实性 人称代词 语法化 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]