2017-2020年北京市猩红热流行病学特征及监测系统代表性分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever and representative analysis of its surveillance system in Beijing, 2017-2020

作　　者：马春娜[1] 吴双胜[1] 段玮[1] 张莉[1] 孙瑛[1] 张姣姣 杨鹏[1] 王全意[1] MA Chun-na;WU Shuang-sheng;DUAN Wei;ZHANG Li;SUN Ying;ZHANG Jiao-jiao;YANG Peng;WANG Quan-yi(Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control,Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心传染病地方病控制所,北京100013

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2022年第12期1435-1438,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：北京市科技计划项目(Z211100000221019)。

摘　　要：目的 分析2017-2020年北京市猩红热流行特征及监测系统代表性,了解猩红热的流行规律,探讨发病影响因素。方法 应用描述性流行病学方法对2017-2020年猩红热发病率、病例分类、人口学特征、发病时间进行描述分析,应用Pearson相关分析对2015-2020年哨点医院报告病例数、哨点医院报告病例病原学检测阳性率、全市报告猩红热病例数进行相关性分析。结果 2017-2020年北京市共报告猩红热病例11 324例,2017年报告病例数及发病率最高(16.77/10万),发病率整体呈下降趋势。冬季发病高峰报告病例数高于春夏季发病高峰(4 298例vs.3 907例)。男性占比(60.65%)高于女性(39.35%),3-9岁年龄组占比最高(93.04%),病例主要为学生(46.55%)和幼托儿童(44.83%)。病例中城区占比(55.64%)高于郊区(39.61%),外省病例中67.78%为北京儿童医院报告。临床诊断病例占比最高(95.90%)。北京市监测系统中哨点医院报告病例数变化趋势与全市猩红热病例变化趋势基本一致(r=0.882,P<0.001)。结论 2017-2020年北京市猩红热发病率整体呈下降趋势,发病高峰季节已由春夏季向冬季转换。病例中以临床诊断病例为主,病例仍以托幼儿童、中小学生为主,北京市猩红热监测系统代表性高。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever and the representativeness of surveillance system in Beijing from 2017 to 2020,to know the epidemic rule of scarlet fever,and to explore the factors affecting its onset.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to describe and analyze the incidence rate,case classification,demographic characteristics and onset time of scarlet fever from 2017 to 2020.Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlations among the number of reported cases in sentinel hospitals,the positive rate of etiological detection of reported cases in sentinel hospitals and the number of reported scarlet fever cases in Beijing.Results From 2017 to 2020,11,324 cases of scarlet fever were reported in Beijing.The number of reported cases and the incidence rate in 2017 were the highest(16.77/100,000),and the incidence rate showed a decreasing trend.The number of reported cases in peak incidence in winter(n=4,298) was higher than that in spring and summer(n=3,907).The proportion of male cases(60.65%) was higher than that of female ones(39.35%).The proportion of cases in the 3-9 age group was the highest(93.04%),mainly consisting of students(46.55%) and children in kindergartens(44.83%).The proportion of cases was higher in urban areas than in suburban areas(55.64% vs.39.61%).67.78% of cases from other provinces were reported by Beijing Children’s Hospital.The proportion of clinically diagnosed cases was the highest(95.90%).The changing trend in the number of cases reported by sentinel hospitals of the surveillance system in Beijing was basically consistent with that in scarlet fever cases of the whole city(r=0.882,P<0.001).Conclusion The incidence rate of scarlet fever in Beijing in 2017-2020 showed an overall downward trend,and the peak season of the incidence had changed from spring and summer to winter.Most of the cases were clinically-diagnosed cases,and the majority of the cases were kindergarten children and primary and middle school students.The repres

关 键 词：猩红热 A组β型溶血性链球菌 流行特征 监测 

分 类 号：R515.1[医药卫生—内科学]