花样游泳运动员负面评价恐惧与运动认知特质焦虑关系研究  

A Study on the Relationship between Negative Evaluation Fear and Competitive Cognitive Trait Anxiety of Synchronized Swimmers

作　　者：郭烨 哈杨妮 杜熙茹[1] Guo Ye;Ha Yangni;Du Xiru(Guangzhou Sport University,Guangzhou 510500,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]广州体育学院,广东广州510500 [2]广东省二沙体育训练中心,广东广州510100

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2022年第12期97-101,共5页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

基　　金：2020年广东省研究生教育创新计划重点项目(项目编号:2020JGXM074)。

摘　　要：研究目的:通过对花样游泳运动员负面评价恐惧与运动认知特质焦虑的研究,找出优秀花样游泳运动员在心理方面所具有的共同特点,以及精英运动员所具备的心理特质。旨在丰富花样游泳项目的运动心理学研究,有效促进提高运动员训练质量、优化比赛状态。研究对象:广东省花样游泳队运动员,其中国际级健将2名、国家级健将3名、一级13名、二级2名。研究方法:文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法和数理统计法。研究结果:(1)花样游泳运动员负面评价恐惧与运动认知特质焦虑水平呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.686(P<0.001),进一步分析后发现运动认知特质焦虑的6个维度中,对方实力焦虑和受伤焦虑与负面评价恐惧的相关性无统计学意义,其余4个维度与负面评价恐惧呈从低到高不等的显著性相关;(2)负面评价恐惧可正向预测运动认知特质焦虑水平(β=0.774,R^(2)=0.599,t<5.190,P<0.001),解释变异量达59.9%,其中相关性最显著、预测程度最高的是社会评价焦虑与失败焦虑两个维度;(3)单因素方差分析结果显示运动员的竞技水平(运动等级)对负面评价恐惧(F_((3,16)))=3.459,P=0.041<0.05)与运动认知特质焦虑(F_((3,16)))=3.562,P=0.038<0.05)存在影响;(4)访谈结果反馈出运动员负面评价恐惧的原因与教练员的执教行为和运动员对负面评价的认知、性格特质、技术水平有关。结论与建议:运动等级越高的花样游泳运动员,越能客观处理来自外部的负面评价,这可能是精英运动员所具备的认知特质。综上所述,建议教练员适时引导运动员对负面评价的处理,预防其带来的负面影响并鼓励运动员建立来自内部的训练及比赛的动机。Through the research on the fear of negative evaluation and the competitive cognitive trait anxiety in synchronized swimmers, this paper aims to find out the common psychological characteristics of elite synchronized swimmers. The purpose is to enrich the sports psychology research of synchronized swimming, and play an effective role in improving the training quality and competition status of athletes. Research objects: Guangdong synchronized swimming team athletes, including 2 international level athletes, 3 national level athletes, 13 first-level athletes, and 2 second-level athletes. Research methods: literature review method, questionnaire survey method, interview method, and mathematical statistics method. Research results:(a)There is a significant positive correlation between the fear of negative evaluation and the level of competitive cognitive trait anxiety in synchronized swimmers, and the correlation coefficient is 0.686(P<0.001).The opponent’s strength anxiety and injury anxiety are not significantly related to the fear of negative evaluation, and the other four dimensions were significantly correlated with fear of negative evaluation from low to high;(b) Fear of negative evaluation can positively predict competitive cognitive trait anxiety level(β=0.774, R^(2)=0.599,t<5.190,P<0.001), the explained variance amounted to 59.9%, of which the most significant correlation and the highest degree of prediction were the two dimensions of social evaluation anxiety and failure anxiety;(c) The results of Single factor variance showed that the athletes’ competitive level(sports grade) has an effect on the fear of negative evaluation(F(3,16)=3.459,P=0.041<0.05) and the competitive cognitive trait anxiety(F(3,16)=3.562,P=0.038<0.05);(d) The interview results showed that the reasons for the fear of negative evaluation of athletes were related to coaches’ coaching behavior and athletes’ perception of negative evaluation, personality traits, and skill level. Research conclusions and recommendations: synchroniz

关 键 词：花样游泳 运动心理 负面评价恐惧 运动认知特质焦虑 

分 类 号：G804[文化科学—运动人体科学]