希腊化时代巴比伦城的政治组织——以雷曼泥板为中心  

Political Organization in Hellenistic Babylon:A Case Study Based upon Lehmann Tablet

作　　者：常洋铭 Chang Yangming(Orientalist Institute,University of Louvain,Louvain-la-Neuve,1348,Belgium)

机构地区：[1]鲁汶大学东方研究所,瓦隆布拉班特省新鲁汶比利时1348

出　　处：《古代文明（中英文）》2023年第1期50-60,M0004,共12页The Journal of Ancient Civilizations

基　　金：德国学术交流中心(DAAD)赴德访问研究奖学金;国家留学基金管理委员会“国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目”的资助。

摘　　要：本文基于雷曼泥板等一手材料,考察了希腊化时代巴比伦城政治活动中的组织结构和运作机制。本文认为,在亚历山大至塞琉古王朝时期的巴比伦城,政治活动主要围绕3个主体展开,即埃萨吉尔神庙的“沙塔穆”、集会和“巴比伦人”。其中,“沙塔穆”统领城市生活的各个方面,但他也受到外来统治者与本土居民两方的制约,这种制约是两河流域政治传统中王朝与地方之间张力的延续。而在巴比伦内部,“巴比伦人”及从中产生的神庙集会是城市政治生活的基础,也是宗教生活的主要参与者。希腊化时代后期,巴比伦的神圣与世俗权力由密不可分到渐行渐远。这既是塞琉古王朝统治者和外来移民影响的反映,也是这一时期巴比伦传统政治和宗教生活日渐式微的关键所在。Based on cuneiform sources,especially the so-called Lehmann Tablet,this paper examines the organizations and the mechanism of political activities in Hellenistic Babylon.The paper argues that during the Hellenistic era,the?atammu,the kini?tu assembly,and the Babylonians(Bābilāya)constituted the core of the political structure in Babylon.The?atammu led the city but was also subject to the constraints of Hellenistic rulers and local inhabitants.It was a continuation of the tension between the rulers and the locals that characterized a tradition of ancient Babylonia.Inside Babylon,the citizens and the kini?tu assembly stood as the principal performers in religious life.At the same time,they were also the foundation of the city’s political life.From the second century BCE,Babylon’s religious and secular authorities shifted from inseparable to distant.It appears as the consequence of the increase of emigrants and the policy change of the Macedonian rulers.It is also the key to understand the decline of Babylon’s political and religious tradition in the late Hellenistic period.

关 键 词：希腊化时代 巴比伦 埃萨吉尔神庙 古代政治 

分 类 号：D033.1[政治法律—政治学]