汉语“烘烤”义词的历时演变与共时分布  

Diachronic Evolution and Synchronic Distribution of the Words with the Meaning of Bake in Chinese

作　　者：汤传扬 Tang Chuanyang(Institute of Language/Dictionary Compilation Research Center,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所/辞书编纂研究中心,北京100732

出　　处：《现代语文》2022年第12期20-26,共7页Modern Chinese

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“近代汉语常用词词库与常用词历史演变研究”(11&ZD125)。

摘　　要：以概念场理论为指导,考察汉语“烘烤”义词的历时演变与共时分布。就历时的角度来看,汉语史中表示“烘烤”义的词有很多,如产生于上古汉语时期的“炙”“烧”“炕”“煏”“熯”,产生于中古汉语时期的“烤”“焙”“煿”,产生于近代汉语时期的“烘”“烙”等。就共时的角度来看,在现代汉语各个方言区域中,“烘烤”义词的用词数量、成员聚合形式不尽相同,每个词在不同方言中的活跃度亦有差别。将历时和共时情况结合起来看,“烘烤”义词大多在南北地域均有分布,从而为时空对应关系的复杂性又提供一种类型,即表某一概念的古今同义词在南北均有分布。Guided by the concept field theory,this paper investigates the diachronic evolution and synchronic distribution of the words with the meaning of bake in Chinese.From a diachronic perspective,in the history of Chinese,there are many words that express the meaning of bake,for example“zhi(炙)”,“shao(烧)”,“kang(炕)”,“bi(煏)”and“han(熯)”produce in the ancient Chinese period,“kao(烤)”,“bei(焙)”and“bo(煿)”produce in the middle ancient Chinese period,and“hong(烘)”“lao(烙)”produce in the pre-modern Chinese period.From a synchronic perspective,in various dialect regions of modern Chinese,the number of words and the form of member aggregation of the words with the meaning of bake are different.The activity of each word in different dialects is also different.Combining diachronic and synchronic conditions,most of these words are distributed in the north and south.This topic provides another type for the complexity of space-time correspondence,that is to say,ancient and modern synonyms of a concept are distributed in the north and south.

关 键 词：“烘烤”义词 历时演变 共时分布 概念场 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语]